Neuropeptide Y and orexin immunoreactivity in the sparrow brain coincide with seasonal changes in energy balance and steroids

Fokidis, H. Bobby; Ma, Chunsheng; Radin, Benjamin; Prior, Nora H.; Adomat, Hans; Guns, Emma S. Tomlinson; Soma, Kiran K.

doi:10.1002/cne.24535

Cited by 9 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 143 publications

(211 reference statements)

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“…Similarly, in the sex‐role reversed black coucal, circulating progesterone in females decreases after an aggressive interaction and progesterone administration reduces aggression 56 . Pregnenolone was non‐detectable in blood or plasma, consistent with previous reports with LC‐MS/MS as expected values were below our LLOQ 24 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…As expected, circulating androgen levels showed a marked seasonal pattern. Breeding subjects had higher levels of circulating androstenedione, T and 5α‐DHT than non‐breeding subjects, similar to previous studies 24,49,50 . This is a very common pattern in male vertebrates 51 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…However, male song sparrows are highly aggressive during both the breeding and non‐breeding seasons, despite dramatic reductions in circulating androgens during the non‐breeding season 16 . the plasma androstenedione, T and 5α‐DHT levels seen here are similar to previous reports in this species 16,19,24,25 . We also examined 17α‐testosterone (or epitestosterone) in song sparrow plasma and observed very low concentrations (<0.1 ng mL ‐1 ), which were slightly higher in the breeding season than the non‐breeding season (C. Jalabert, unpublished results).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Circulating levels of progesterone did not show seasonal changes, and plasma levels are comparable to those reported before in this species with LC‐MS/MS 24 . Similarly, male white‐crowned sparrows show no difference in plasma progesterone when housed under long days or short days 52 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The sensitivity of the present LC‐MS/MS assay for DHEA (4 pg per tube) was slightly worse than the sensitivities of the previous radioimmunoassays for DHEA (2 pg per tube). Thus, to improve sensitivity for DHEA, we used derivatisation with hydroxylamine and quantified DHEA in plasma by LC‐MS/MS, as we did previously 24 . After derivatisation with hydroxylamine, the DHEA LLOQ was improved (2.5 pg).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Profiling of systemic and brain steroids in male songbirds: Seasonal changes in neurosteroids

Jalabert

Soma

2020

J Neuroendocrinology

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Steroids are secreted by the gonads and adrenal glands into the blood to modulate neurophysiology and behaviour. In addition, the brain can metabolise circulating steroids and synthesise steroids de novo. Songbirds show high levels of neurosteroid synthesis. In the present study, we developed and validated a liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) assay for the measurement of 10 steroids in whole blood, plasma and microdissected brain tissue (1‐2 mg) of song sparrows. Our assay is highly accurate, precise, specific and sensitive. Moreover, the liquid‐liquid extraction is fast, simple and effective. We quantified steroids in the blood and brain of wild male song sparrows in both breeding and non‐breeding seasons. As expected, systemic androgen levels were higher in the breeding season than in the non‐breeding season. Brain androgens were detectable only in the breeding season; androstenedione and 5α‐dihydrotestosterone levels were up to 20‐fold higher in specific brain regions than in blood. Oestrogens were not detectable in blood in both seasons. Oestrone and 17β‐oestradiol were detectable in brain in the breeding season only (up to 1.4 ng g‐1 combined). Progesterone levels in several regions were higher in the non‐breeding season than the breeding season, despite the lack of seasonal changes in systemic progesterone. Corticosterone levels in the blood were higher in the breeding season than in the non‐breeding season but showed few seasonal differences in the brain. In general, the steroid levels presented here are lower than those in previous reports using immunoassays, because of the higher specificity of mass spectrometry. We conclude that (i) brain steroid levels can differ greatly from circulating steroid levels and (ii) brain steroid levels show region‐specific seasonal patterns that are not a simple reflection of circulating steroid levels. This approach using ultrasensitive LC‐MS/MS is broadly applicable to other species and allows steroid profiling in microdissected brain regions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Profiling of systemic and brain steroids in male songbirds: Seasonal changes in neurosteroids

Jalabert

Soma

2020

J Neuroendocrinology

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Nuclear parcellation and numbers of orexinergic neurons in five species of larger brained birds

Mazengenya,

Spocter,

Manger

2024

J of Comparative Neurology

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The orexinergic/hypocretinergic system, while having several roles, appears to be a key link in the balance between arousal and food intake. In birds, to date, this system has only been examined anatomically in four species, all with brains smaller than 3.5 g and of limited phylogenetic range. Here, using orexin‐A immunohistochemistry, we describe the distribution, morphology, and nuclear parcellation of orexinergic neurons within the hypothalami of a Congo gray and a Timneh gray parrot, a pied crow, an emu, and a common ostrich. These birds represent a broad phylogeny, with brains ranging in size from 7.85 to 26.5 g. Within the hypothalami of the species studied, the orexinergic neurons were organized in two clusters, and a densely packed paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus cluster located within the medial hypothalamus (Hyp), but not contacting the ventricle, and a more loosely packed lateral hypothalamic cluster in the lateral Hyp. Stereological analysis revealed a strong correlation, using phylogenetic generalized least squares regression analyses, between brain mass and the total number of orexinergic neurons, as well as soma parameters such as volume and area. Orexinergic axonal terminals evinced two types of boutons, larger and the smaller en passant boutons. Unlike the orexinergic system in mammals, which has several variances in cluster organization, that of the birds studied, in the present and previous studies, currently shows organizational invariance, despite the differences in brain and body mass, phylogenetic relationships, and life‐histories of the species studied.

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Pleiotropic effects of proopiomelanocortin and VGF nerve growth factor inducible neuropeptides for the long-term regulation of energy balance

Helfer

Stevenson

2020

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

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Neuropeptide Y and orexin immunoreactivity in the sparrow brain coincide with seasonal changes in energy balance and steroids

Cited by 9 publications

References 143 publications

Profiling of systemic and brain steroids in male songbirds: Seasonal changes in neurosteroids

Profiling of systemic and brain steroids in male songbirds: Seasonal changes in neurosteroids

Nuclear parcellation and numbers of orexinergic neurons in five species of larger brained birds

Pleiotropic effects of proopiomelanocortin and VGF nerve growth factor inducible neuropeptides for the long-term regulation of energy balance

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