Neuropeptide Y and somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in neurons of the monkey amygdala

McDonald, Alexander J.; Mascagni, Franco; Augustine, James R.

doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)00629-j

Cited by 49 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Such analysis seem to be especially valuable in the light of the recent morphological and embryological studies, which indicate that the porcine brain shares many similarities with the human one and so that the pig can be used as a good animal model for understanding the activities of the human organs [29]. The distribution of SOM-IR cell bodies and fibers in the porcine CA is consistent with the previous studies in the rat [12] and monkey [8,24]. All these studies indicate that CA regions especially rich in SOM-IR somata were the cortical and large-celled parts of the basomedial and lateral nuclei [present study and 8,12, 24].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…There is however evidence that some SOM-IR neurons can be different in morphology. McDonald and his co-workers [24] have reported that in the dorsal portion of the lateral nucleus most SOM-positive neurons had spiny dendrites. Similar situation can be observed in the central nucleus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In conclusion, there is only one report concerning the morphology and chemical coding of SOM-IR neurons in CA nuclei of human [25] and this issue has as yet been mostly studied in the rat [12,13] and monkey [8,24]. Thus, as there is a lack in data concerning both the morphology and the chemical coding of neurons in CA of the domestic pig, an animal becoming more and more important in the biomedical studies [29], we decided to provide a detailed description of the distribution and co-localization pattern of SOM and NPY, CCK or VIP in CA nuclei of this species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Until now, several studies have investigated the morphology and distribution of SOM-IR cells, fibers and terminals in the rat amygdala [12,13], however, data concerning the distribution of SOM-IR structures in CA of other species, are rather scarce. While there is available a detailed analysis of the distribution pattern of this substance in the monkey amygdala [8,24] and the appearance of SOM-IR fibers in the human central nucleus [25], there is no data available about the existence and distribution patter of somatostatinergic subset of neurons/nerve terminals in the porcine CA. Furthermore, data concerning the distribution (as well as colocalization with SOM) of neural elements exhibiting NPY-, CCK-or VIP-immunoreactivity, are even less numerous and were focused mostly on the rat [10][11][12]19,[26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the amygdala of the pig.

Równiak

Robak²,

Bogus‐Nowakowska³

et al. 2008

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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Abstract:The distribution and morphology of neurons containing somatostatin (SOM) was investigated in the amygdala (CA) of the pig. The SOM-immunoreactive (SOM-IR) cell bodies and fibres were present in all subdivisions of the porcine CA, however, their number and density varied depending on the nucleus studied. The highest density of SOM-positive somata was observed in the layer III of the cortical nuclei, in the anterior (magnocellular) part of the basomedial nucleus and in the caudal (large-celled) part of the lateral nucleus. Moderate to high numbers of SOM-IR cells were also observed in the medial and basolateral nuclei. Many labeled neurons were also consistently observed in the lateral part of the central nucleus. In the remaining CA regions, the density of SOM-positive cell bodies varied from moderate to low. In any CA region studied SOM-IR neurons formed heterogeneous population consisting of small, rounded or slightly elongated cell bodies, with a few poorly branched smooth dendrites. In general, morphological features of these cells clearly resembled the non-pyramidal Golgi type II interneurons. The routine double-labeling studies with antisera directed against SOM and neuropeptide Y (NPY) demonstrated that a large number of SOM-IR cell bodies and fibers in all studied CA areas contained simultaneously NPY. In contrast, co-localization of SOM and cholecystokinin (CCK) or SOM and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was never seen in cell bodies and fibres in any of nuclei studied. In conclusion, SOM-IR neurons of the porcine amygdala form large and heterogenous subpopulation of, most probably, interneurons that often contain additionally NPY. On the other hand, CCK-and/or VIP-IR neurons belonged to another, discrete subpopulations of porcine CA neurons.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the amygdala of the pig.

Równiak

Robak²,

Bogus‐Nowakowska³

et al. 2008

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This evidence suggests that these projection neurons may be excitatory, but does not preclude the possibility that yet another class of inhibitory interneurons may project from BL nucleus to the hypothalamus, such as those known to be positive for neuropeptides (e.g. McDonald et al, 1995). However, there is no evidence that BL nucleus neurons projecting outside the amygdala are inhibitory in primates, though they have been reported in rats (e.g.…”

Section: Autonomic Related Pathways In the Prefrontal^amygdaloid Axismentioning

confidence: 96%

Pathways for emotion: interactions of prefrontal and anterior temporal pathways in the amygdala of the rhesus monkey

2002

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AbstractöThe amygdala has been implicated in processing information about the emotional signi¢cance of the environment and in the expression of emotions, through robust pathways with prefrontal, anterior temporal areas, and central autonomic structures. We investigated the anatomic organization and intersection of these pathways in the amygdala in rhesus monkeys with the aid of bidirectional, retrograde and anterograde tracers. Connections of the amygdala with orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal areas were robust and bidirectional, whereas connections with lateral prefrontal areas were sparse, unidirectional and ascending. Orbitofrontal axons terminated densely in a narrow band around the borders of the magnocellular basolateral nucleus, surrounded by projection neurons along a continuum through the nuclei of the basal complex. In contrast, the input and output zones of medial prefrontal areas were intermingled in the amygdala. Moreover, medial prefrontal axonal terminations were expansive, spreading into the parvicellular basolateral nucleus, which is robustly connected with hypothalamic autonomic structures, suggesting that they may in£uence the expressive emotional system of the amygdala. On the other hand, orbitofrontal axons heavily targeted the intercalated masses, which issue inhibitory projections to the central nucleus, at least in rats and cats. The central nucleus, in turn, issues a signi¢cant inhibitory projection to hypothalamic and brainstem autonomic structures. This evidence suggests that orbitofrontal areas exercise control on the internal processing of the amygdala. In addition, the results provided direct evidence that the connections of anterior temporal visual and auditory association cortices occupy overlapping territories with the orbitofrontal cortices particularly in the posterior half of the amygdala, and speci¢cally within the intermediate sector of the basolateral nucleus and in the magnocellular part of the basomedial nucleus (also known as accessory basal), suggesting a closely linked triadic network. This intricate network may be recruited in cognitive tasks that are inextricably linked with emotional associations.

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Immunocytochemical localization of somatostatin and autoradiographic distribution of somatostatin binding sites in the brain of the African lungfish,Protopterus annectens

et al. 1997

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The anatomical distribution of somatostatin-immunoreactive structures and the autoradiographic localization of somatostatin binding sites were investigated in the brain of the African lungfish, Protopterus annectens. In general, there was a good correlation between the distribution of somatostatin-immunoreactive elements and the location of somatostatin binding sites in several areas of the brain, particularly in the anterior olfactory nucleus, the rostral part of the dorsal pallium, the medial subpallium, the anterior preoptic area, the tectum, and the tegmentum of the mesencephalon. However, mismatching was found in the mid-caudal dorsal pallium, the reticular formation, and the cerebellum, which contained moderate to high concentrations of binding sites and very low densities of immunoreactive fibers. In contrast, the caudal hypothalamus and the neural lobe of the pituitary exhibited low concentrations of binding sites and a high to moderate density of somatostatin-immunoreactive fibers. The present results provide the first localization of somatostatin in the brain of a dipnoan and the first anatomical distribution of somatostatin binding sites in the brain of a fish. The location of somatostatin-immunoreactive elements in the brain of P. annectens is consistent with that reported in anuran amphibians, suggesting that the general organization of the somatostatin peptidergic systems occurred in a common ancestor of dipnoans and tetrapods. The anatomical distribution of somatostatin-immunoreactive elements and somatostatin binding sites suggests that somatostatin acts as a hypophysiotropic neurohormone as well as a neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator in the lungfish brain.

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Neuropeptide Y and somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in neurons of the monkey amygdala

Cited by 49 publications

References 60 publications

Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the amygdala of the pig.

Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the amygdala of the pig.

Pathways for emotion: interactions of prefrontal and anterior temporal pathways in the amygdala of the rhesus monkey

Immunocytochemical localization of somatostatin and autoradiographic distribution of somatostatin binding sites in the brain of the African lungfish,Protopterus annectens

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