Neuropeptide Y is associated with changes in appetite-associated hypothalamic nuclei but not food intake in a hypophagic avian model

Newmyer, Brandon A.; Nandar, Wint; Webster, Rebekah I.; Gilbert, Elizabeth R.; Siegel, P. B.; Cline, Mark A.

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.08.015

Cited by 60 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Neuropeptide Y has been of particular interest to our group because we first reported that the LWS was completely refractory to the food intake effect of centrally injected NPY. Despite the lack of a food intake response to NPY, the LHA and PVN of this line had increased c‐Fos immunoreactivity, similar to the HWS chicks, which responded robustly with increased feeding after central NPY injection . Subsequently, we observed that the refractoriness to NPY in the LWS was induced by exposure to a mild stressor during the very early post‐hatch period, and that elimination of this mild stressor permitted the LWS to respond to exogenous NPY with an increase in food intake .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Despite the lack of a food intake response to NPY, the LHA and PVN of this line had increased c-Fos immunoreactivity, similar to the HWS chicks, which responded robustly with increased feeding after central NPY injection. 46 Subsequently, we observed that the refractoriness to NPY in the LWS was induced by exposure to a mild stressor during the very early post-hatch period, and that elimination of this mild stressor permitted the LWS to respond to exogenous NPY with an increase in food intake. 27 We have consistently observed differences between the lines in gene expression of NPY in the hypothalamus at different ages and under different physiological conditions.…”

Section: Orexigenic Factors Such As Npy Agrp and Npy Receptors Armentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential expression of appetite‐regulating genes in avian models of anorexia and obesity

Yuan

Gilbert

et al. 2017

J Neuroendocrinology

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Chickens from lines that have been selected for low (LWS) or high (HWS) juvenile body weight for more than 57 generations provide a unique model by which to research appetite regulation. The LWS display different severities of anorexia, whereas all HWS become obese. In the present study, we measured mRNA abundance of various factors in appetite-associated nuclei in the hypothalamus. The lateral hypothalamus (LHA), paraventricular nucleus (PVN), ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), dorsomedial nucleus (DMN) and arcuate nucleus (ARC) were collected from 5 day-old chicks that were fasted for 180 minutes or provided with continuous access to food. Fasting increased neuropeptide Y receptor subtype 1 (NPYR1) mRNA in the LHA and c-Fos in the VMH, at the same time as decreasing c-Fos in the LHA, neuropeptide Y receptor subtype 5 and ghrelin in the PVN, and neuropeptide Y receptor subtype 2 in the ARC. Fasting increased melanocortin receptor subtype 3 (MC3R) expression in the DMN and NPY in the ARC of LWS but not HWS chicks. Expression of NPY was greater in LWS than HWS in the DMN. neuropeptide Y receptor subtype 5 mRNA was greater in LWS than HWS in the LHA, PVN and ARC. Expression of orexin was greater in LWS than HWS in the LHA. There was greater expression of NPYR1, melanocortin receptor subtype 4 and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript in HWS than LWS and mesotocin in LWS than HWS in the PVN. In the ARC, agouti-related peptide and MC3R were greater in LWS than HWS and, in the VMH, orexin receptor 2 and leptin receptor were greater in LWS than HWS. Greater mesotocin in the PVN, orexin in the LHA and ORXR2 in the VMH of LWS may contribute to their increased sympathetic tone and anorexic phenotype. The results of the present study also suggest that an increased hypothalamic anorexigenic tone in the LWS over-rides orexigenic factors such as NPY and AgRP that were more highly expressed in LWS than HWS in several nuclei.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Orexigenic Factors Such As Npy Agrp and Npy Receptors Armentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of appetite‐regulating genes in avian models of anorexia and obesity

Yuan

Gilbert

et al. 2017

J Neuroendocrinology

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“…By contrast, HWS have a lower threshold response to neuropeptide S and calcitonin and calcitonin gene‐related peptide than LWS, whereas both ghrelin and galanin have similar thresholds of sensitivity in their effects on food intake in the lines. For two factors, there is a complete loss of response in one line: the LWS does not respond to neuropeptide Y (NPY) with increased food intake and the HWS does not decrease food intake in response to leptin .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anorexia is Associated with Stress‐Dependent Orexigenic Responses to Exogenous Neuropeptide Y

Delp

Gilbert

et al. 2016

J Neuroendocrinology

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Chicken lines that have been divergently selected for either low (LWS) or high (HWS) body weight at 56 days of age for more than 57 generations have different feeding behaviours in response to a range of i.c.v. injected neurotransmitters. The LWS have different severities of anorexia, whereas the HWS become obese. Previously, we demonstrated that LWS chicks did not respond, whereas HWS chicks increased food intake, after central injection of neuropeptide Y (NPY). The present study aimed to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying the loss of orexigenic function of NPY in LWS. Chicks were divided into four groups: stressed LWS and HWS on day of hatch, and control LWS and HWS. The stressor was a combination of food deprivation and cold exposure. On day 5 post-hatch, each chick received an i.c.v. injection of vehicle or 0.2 nmol of NPY. Only the LWS stressed group did not increase food intake in response to i.c.v. NPY. Hypothalamic mRNA abundance of appetite-associated factors was measured at 1 h post-injection. Interactions of genetic line, stress and NPY treatment were observed for the mRNA abundance of agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and synaptotagmin 1 (SYT1). Intracerebroventricular injection of NPY decreased and increased AgRP and SYT1 mRNA, respectively, in the stressed LWS and increased AgRP mRNA in stressed HWS chicks. Stress was associated with increased NPY, orexin receptor 2, corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor 1, melanocortin receptor 3 (MC3R) and growth hormone secretagogue receptor expression. In conclusion, the loss of responsiveness to exogenous NPY in stressed LWS chicks may be a result of the decreased and increased hypothalamic expression of AgRP and MC3R, respectively. This may induce an intensification of anorexigenic melanocortin signalling pathways in LWS chicks that block the orexigenic effect of exogenous NPY. These results provide insights onto the anorexic condition across species, and especially for forms of inducible anorexia such as human anorexia nervosa.

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“…; Newmyer et al . ). Similar to mammals, the afflicted individuals fail to reach sexual maturity (puberty) at a normal age (Liu et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The LWS line has several unique attributes that support this contention. The LWS chickens are hypophagic with some developing anorexia (Zelenka et al 1988;Newmyer et al 2013). Similar to mammals, the afflicted individuals fail to reach sexual maturity (puberty) at a normal age (Liu et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection for divergent body size alters rates of embryonic skeletal muscle formation and muscle gene expression patterns

Bradley

Siegel

et al. 2015

Dev Growth Differ

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The impact of divergent selection for body size on embryogenesis is poorly understood. The objective of this experiment was to document skeletal muscle development during embryogenesis in two lines of chickens that display divergent growth as adults. Results reveal that after 54 generations of opposing selection from a common founder population, the embryos from the low weight select (LWS) line develop more rapidly during early embryogenesis than those from the high weight select (HWS) line. Muscle formation during the late embryonic period is more rapid and extensive in the HWS embryo than in the LWS contemporary. Isolated muscle progenitors from embryonic day 10 HWS embryos proliferated more rapidly, forming fibers sooner with a larger size than the LWS cells. The limited myogenic capacity of the LWS progenitor cells is not attributed to altered patterns of expression of Pax7, Pax3 or the myogenic regulatory factor genes. Members of the fibroblast growth factor family are potent mitogens and inhibitors of myoblast differentiation. Transcript abundance of FGF2 and FGF4 was measured in cultures of HWS and LWS progenitors as a function of time. The pattern of expression of FGF4 was similar between HWS and LWS with a large increase between days 1 and 3 followed by a reduction at day 5 of culture. Expression of FGF2 in LWS muscle cells did not change while a significant reduction in FGF2 expression was observed by day 5 in the HWS. Our results indicate that divergent selection for postnatal growth has altered embryonic development.

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Neuropeptide Y is associated with changes in appetite-associated hypothalamic nuclei but not food intake in a hypophagic avian model

Cited by 60 publications

References 29 publications

Differential expression of appetite‐regulating genes in avian models of anorexia and obesity

Differential expression of appetite‐regulating genes in avian models of anorexia and obesity

Anorexia is Associated with Stress‐Dependent Orexigenic Responses to Exogenous Neuropeptide Y

Selection for divergent body size alters rates of embryonic skeletal muscle formation and muscle gene expression patterns

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