Neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity of plasma during hypoglycaemia in man

Russell, Andrew E.; Cain, Michael D.; Kapoor, Vimal; Morris, Margaret J.; Chalmers, John

doi:10.1016/0165-1838(89)90111-2

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“… 19 Physiological and pathological conditions investigated by scientists indicate a largely neuronal source for plasma NPY, although there is a minor contribution from the adrenal gland, especially in hypoglycemia. 20 , 21 Furthermore, elevated plasma levels ACTH, which is released from the anterior pituitary and acts on the adrenal cortex to release cortisol, further prove the involvement of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in this type of stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Neurohormonal changes in medical students during academic stress

Al-Ayadhi

2005

Annals of Saudi Medicine

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BACKGROUNDAcademic stress is a good model of psychological stress in humans and is thus useful for studying psychoneurohormonal changes. The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of academic examination stress on activation of the hypothalamus-autonomic nervous system (HANS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, through the measurements of changes in neuro-hormones during final exams as compared to the pre-exam baseline.MATERIALS AND METHODSForty-eight first- and second-year female medical students participated. Plasma leptin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), nitrite, nitrate, andrenomedullin, cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were measured at baseline and during final examinations.RESULTSPlasma levels of cortisol, ACTH, NPY, adrenomedullin, nitrite and nitrate increased during times of academic stress as compared to baseline levels. However, only plasma leptin level was decreased during the academic stress as compared to baseline, probably through a negative feedback mechanism resulting from sympathetic stimulation. The results indicate that both the HANS and HPA are involved in this type of stress and both are activated at the same time.CONCLUSION: Academic stress induced significant neurohormonal changes. Leptin, NPY, nitrite, nitrate, adrenomedullin, cortisol and ACTH can be considered part of a complex mosaic model of the neuroendocrine system during academic stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Neurohormonal changes in medical students during academic stress

Al-Ayadhi

2005

Annals of Saudi Medicine

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“…Although circulating NPY levels are quite low in resting healthy volunteers [23], activation of the sympathetic nervous system substantially stimulates the release of NPY during the course of physical exercise [123,124], in individuals submitted to cold [123], in stressful situations [125] or during hypoxia [126] from either peripheral nerves or the adrenal medulla, and then increases plasma concentrations. Elevated NPY concentrations were also reported in hypertension.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropeptide Y: the universal soldier

Pedrazzini¹,

Pralong

Grouzmann³

2003

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS)

253

158

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The peptidic neuropeptide Y (NPY) has received great attention because it has been implicated in the regulation of several organ systems. In particular, NPY is involved in the regulatory loops that control food intake in the hypothalamus and appears also to be important for regulating the activity of neuroendocrine axes under poor metabolic conditions. Furthermore, NPY exerts vasoconstrictive action on the vasculature and potentiates the actions of many other vasoconstrictors. In addition, it was demonstrated to have trophic properties and could therefore contribute to cardiovascular remodeling. These various effects plus a number of others make NPY an attractive target for the potential treatment of human diseases, such as obesity, metabolic disorders, hypertension and heart failure.

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“…A dense plexus of perivascular NPYcontaining fibers has been identified in human omental, mesenteric, skin, spinal, pulmonary, renal, gastric, splenic, coronary, and cerebral vessels [22}. In humans, physiological conditions that activate the sympathetic system, including exercise, hypoglycemia, hemorrhage, and congestive heart failure, increase plasma levels of NPY [60][61][62]. Plasma NPY concentrations correlate with both plasma NE and microneurographically recorded muscle sympathetic activity [63].…”

Section: Neuropeptide Inputs From Multiple Sources Modulate Transmissmentioning

confidence: 97%

Neuropeptides in the sympathetic system: Presence, plasticity, modulation, and implications

Benarroch

1994

Annals of Neurology

109

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Neuropeptides are ubiquitous in the sympathetic system and modulate transmission at the levels of the intermediolateral cell column, sympathetic ganglia, and neuroeffector junctions. Several neuropeptide-containing pathways from the hypothalamus and medulla modulate excitability of preganglionic neurons. Neuropeptides coexist with norepinephrine or acetylcholine in subpopulations of chemically coded, target-specific sympathetic ganglion neurons. Neuropeptide Y is colocalized in adrenergic vasoconstrictor neurons, whereas vasoactive intestinal polypeptide is colocalized in cholinergic sudomotor neurons. Neuropeptide expression is plastic; during development, neurons that switch from a noradrenergic to a cholinergic phenotype increase expression of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, somatostatin, and substance P. Preganglionic inputs increase neuropeptide Y and inhibit substance P expression. Sympathetic denervation produces sprouting of sensory fibers containing substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in target tissues. Neuropeptides from preganglionic fibers (e.g., enkephalin) and primary afferents (e.g., substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide) modulate transmission in sympathetic ganglia. Neuropeptide Y produces vasoconstriction, prejunctional inhibition of norepinephrine release, and postjunctional potentiation of norepinephrine effects. Plasma neuropeptide Y increases during intense sympathoexcitation, hypertension, and pheochromocytoma. Dystrophic neurites containing neuropeptide Y occur in human sympathetic ganglia during aging, diabetes, and dysautonomia. Sympathetic neuropeptides may thus have important clinical implications.

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Neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity of plasma during hypoglycaemia in man

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Neurohormonal changes in medical students during academic stress

Neurohormonal changes in medical students during academic stress

Neuropeptide Y: the universal soldier

Neuropeptides in the sympathetic system: Presence, plasticity, modulation, and implications

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