Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and NPY receptors in the cardiovascular system: implication in the regulation of intracellular calciumThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled Young Investigators' Forum.

Abstract

The 3-dimensional confocal microscopy technique has allowed us to identify the presence of yet another cardioactive factor and its receptor, namely neuropeptide Y (NPY) and its Y1 receptor, at the level of vascular smooth muscle cells and heart cells including endocardial endothelial cells (EECs). Using this technique, we also demonstrated that NPY is able to induce an increase in both cytosolic and nuclear calcium in all these cell types. Furthermore, besides being expressed at the level of EECs, NPY is also released from these cells following a sustained increase of intracellular Ca2+. This suggests the ability of NPY to contribute to the regulation of the excitation-secretion coupling of EECs and the excitation-contraction coupling of cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells.

The Role of Neuropeptide Y in Cardiovascular Health and Disease

“…These contradictory effects of NPY are largely dependent on the pattern of the NPY receptor expression, ligand concentration, DPP-4 activity, and adrenergic activity (Pons et al, 2003 ; Kitlinska et al, 2005 ). The cardiac-related NPY receptors, Y1R, Y2R and Y5R have been commonly implicated in pathological states and have been suggested to be prominent players in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia/infarction, diabetic, stress and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, and heart failure (Zukowska-Grojec et al, 1991 ; Lee et al, 2003 ; Jacques and Abdel-Samad, 2007 ; Luo et al, 2015 ) (Figure 2 ).…”

Effects of Neuropeptide Y on Stem Cells and Their Potential Applications in Disease Therapy

“…Mounting evidence indicates that NPY expresses in many peripheral tissues such as the retina, bone, adipose tissue, adrenal medulla, and platelets [ 6 – 10 ]. Consistent with its wide distribution, NPY has been implicated in a variety of biological processes including food intake, circadian rhythm, energy metabolism, cardiovascular function, and neuroendocrine secretion [ 11 – 15 ].…”

Neurohumoral Control of Sinoatrial Node Activity and Heart Rate: Insight From Experimental Models and Findings From Humans

“…Neuropeptide co-released with NE ↑ Chick, rat, guinea pig Lundberg et al, 1984;Beaulieu and Lambert, 1998;Jacques andAbdel-Samad, 2007 ↓ Dog, cat Minkes et al, 1989;Chang et al, 1994 none Dog, rabbit Allen et al, 1983;Rigel, 1988 Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) Struthers et al, 1986;Franco-Cereceda et al, 1987;Gennari et al, 1990;Bell and McDermott, 1996 (Continued) Chahl and Walker, 1981;Bachelard et al, 1985;Rioux et al, 1989 Somatostatin Neuropeptide SSTR 1-5 ↓ Snake, human all G i and some G i and G q Donald et al, 1990;Bubinski et al, 1994 Natriuretic peptides: ANP Autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine hormone NPR-A and NPR-C ↑ or ↓ none Dog, mouse, human, dog GC (NPR-A) or Gi (NPR-C) Biollaz et al, 1986;Bussien et al, 1986;Weidmann et al, 1986;Franco-Suarez et al, 1987;Nicholls and Richards, 1987Volpe et al, 1987Crozier et al, 1993 BNP NPR-A and NPR-C ↑ none Mouse mouse, dog GC (NPR-A) or Gi (NPR-C) West and Belardinelli, 1985;Belardinelli et al, 1988;Headrick et al, 2013;Lou et al, 2013Lou et al, , 2014 A2a and A2b ↑ Mouse G s Headrick et al, 2013 Angiotensin II (ANGII) Hormone AT 1 /AT 2 ↓ Guinea pig, rabbit G q /11, G s , and G-protein independent pathways Habuchi et al, 1995;…”

“…NPY pre-synaptically inhibits NE release from sympathetic neurons, but can also potentiate post-synaptic effects of NE, therefore working both with and against sympathetic nervous system stimulation of the SAN (Beaulieu and Lambert, 1998). In embryonic chick ventricular myocytes, NPY increases spontaneous firing frequency by increasing stimulation of L-type Ca 2+ channels via activation of Y 1 receptors (Jacques and Abdel-Samad, 2007). An increase in firing rate is observed with NPY application in guinea pig isolated atria and rat isolated hearts (Lundberg et al, 1984;Beaulieu and Lambert, 1998).…”