Neuropeptide Y (NPY) cleaving enzymes: Structural and functional homologues of dipeptidyl peptidase 4

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibition for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease ― Recent Insights Focusing on Angiogenesis and Neovascularization ―

“…54 NPY has been reported to stimulate ECs' proliferation and migration. 55 It was shown that the expression of DPP-IV in the microvascular endothelium of atherosclerotic tissue may shift NPY's affinity toward the angiogenic receptor (Y2R/Y5R) and therefore enhance angiogenesis and lesion vulnerability.…”

Regulation of Expression and Function of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DP4), DP8/9, and DP10 in Allergic Responses of the Lung in Rats

“…This diformazan precipitates at the sites of enzymatic activity and is visible as a blue staining. As a further control for specificity and in addition to the use of DP4-deficient animals, this histochemical activity assay was also performed using a DP4-specific inhibitor as previously described (Frerker et al 2007), which was added to the incubation solution in a final concentration of 2 mM. The sections were incubated for 20 hr in this solution and treated further as described above.…”

“…One unit is defined as the amount of enzyme necessary to hydrolyze 1 mM of substrate per minute. The assay is selective for DP4-like activities; however, due to the alkaline pH, the contribution of DP2 is negligible (Frerker et al 2007). …”

Phenotyping of congenic dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DP4) deficient Dark Agouti (DA) rats suggests involvement of DP4 in neuro-, endocrine, and immune functions

“…Screening of body weight gain ( Figure 1F) revealed a significantly reduced increase in DP4 deficient animals wF (1,19)s12.1, p-0.001x, which parallels gain in body weight of wild type animals until approximately 1 year of age, when these differences became more apparent. Also, high-calorie diet induced weight gain was significantly reduced in animals approximately 1 year of age ( Figure 1F, small insert), although calorie uptake did not differ.…”

“…The assay is selective for DP4-like activities; however, due to the alkaline pH it neglects the contribution by dipeptidyl peptidase 2. One unit is defined as the amount of enzyme necessary to hydrolyze 1 mmol substrate (19).…”