Neuropeptide Y Plasma Levels and Immunological Changes during Academic Stress

Guidi, L.; Tricerri, A.; Vangeli, Marcello; Frasca, Daniela; Errani, A.R.; Giovanni, Angela Di; Antico, L; Menini, E.; Sciamanna, Vittorio; Magnavita, Nicola; Doria, Gino; Bartoloni, Carlo

doi:10.1159/000026618

Cited by 37 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Plasma NPY concentrations, on the other hand, did not show any correlation with serum cortisol concentrations. This finding is consistent with the dissociation between cortisol and NPY under various stresses (34,35), and the finding that adrenalectomy revealed no effect on plasma NPY concentrations (36). As to orexin-A, no direct correlation was found with cortisol concentrations in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Orexin-A and leptin change inversely in fasting non-obese subjects

Kobashi

Matsumoto

Nishikata

et al. 2001

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Leptin, neuropeptide-Y (NPY) and orexin are peptides regulating energy metabolism and appetite control. NPY and orexin are mainly found in the central nervous system and they have also recently been found in the peripheral nervous system. We investigated how fasting affects changes in circulating concentrations of these peptides and their association with nutritional and metabolic parameters in humans. Design and methods: Ten non-obese female patients with psychosomatic disorders fasted for 7 or 10 days. Blood samples were collected at 0800 h before fasting, on the 3rd and 7th days during the fast (with an additional sample taken on the 10th day when the fasting continued for 10 days) and on the 3rd and 7th days of refeeding. We measured blood concentrations of orexin-A, NPY, leptin, adrenocorticotropin, cortisol, insulin, C-peptide, glucose, and b-hydroxybutyrate. Results: Body mass index and plasma leptin concentrations concomitantly and significantly decreased during fasting, whereas serum orexin-A concentrations significantly increased and were negatively correlated with plasma leptin concentrations. Plasma NPY concentrations decreased slightly but were not significantly different from the prefasting values, and no significant relationship with leptin or orexin-A was found. Orexin-A and leptin concentrations showed a significant inverse correlation with serum glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and b-hydroxybutyrate concentrations. Only changes in plasma leptin concentrations showed a significant negative correlation with serum cortisol concentrations. All the measured indices which changed during fasting returned to the prefasting concentrations by the 7th day of refeeding. Conclusion: Peripheral orexin-A and leptin concentrations inversely change during fasting, which is significantly correlated with energy metabolism in humans.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Orexin-A and leptin change inversely in fasting non-obese subjects

Kobashi

Matsumoto

Nishikata

et al. 2001

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Fourthly, the effect of stress on cytokine production should be considered. Both psychogenic and physiological stresses elicit proinflammatory processes in the CNS [69][70][71][72] . Because the patients were all hospitalized for a full 6 weeks, the changes in proinflammatory cytokines may be associated only with the acute psychotic state.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monocytic, Th1 and Th2 Cytokine Alterations in the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia

Na¹,

Kim²

2007

Neuropsychobiology

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A growing body of evidence suggests that changes in the serum levels and cellular production of various cytokines are associated with the immunological abnormalities of schizophrenia. Several studies have examined alterations in T helper type 1 (Th1) and T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines in schizophrenia. We explored monocytic, Th1 and Th2 cytokines in 43 schizophrenia patients and 50 normal controls. The mitogen-induced production of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-4, γ-interferon (IFN-γ) and IL-2 was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays before and after antipsychotic treatment. IL-6 and TNF-α production by schizophrenic patients was significantly higher than by normal controls, while IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ production was significantly lower in schizophrenic patients. After 6 weeks of antipsychotic treatment, IL-6 and TNF-α production was significantly decreased, while IL-4, IFN-γ and IL-2 productions were not significantly changed. Our results suggest that increased monocytic cytokines and decreased Th1 and Th2 cytokines may be associated with the immunopathogenesis of acute psychotic schizophrenia, and that antipsychotics may play an important role in immune response by decreasing elevated monocytic cytokines.

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“…However, that study was limited by its cross-sectional nature and the lack of cortisol data. To our knowledge, while others have shown that academic stress is associated with elevations in cortisol (Guidi et al 1999), no longitudinal human in vivo studies have shown that chronically elevated psychological stress, such as that experienced during academic exams, and elevated in vivo cortisol levels are associated with significant decrements in peripheral blood B lymphocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Stress, cortisol, and B lymphocytes: a novel approach to understanding academic stress and immune function

McGregor

Murphy

Albano

et al. 2016

Stress

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Animal and human in vitro models suggest that stress-related B lymphocyte decrements are due to high levels of glucocorticoids which cause apoptosis of pre-B-cells as they emerge from the bone marrow. The present study sought to explore the relationships among distress, salivary cortisol and human B lymphocytes in vivo. Distress (perceived stress, negative affect, depressive symptoms), lymphocyte phenotype, and salivary cortisol were assessed among first year graduate students (n=22) and a community control sample (n= 30) at the start of classes in the fall and the week immediately before spring preliminary exams. Compared to controls, students reported greater distress on all measures at each time point except baseline perceived stress. Hierarchical linear regression with necessary control variables was used to assess the effect of student status on the three measures of distress, the four measures of lymphocyte phenotype, and cortisol AUC and CAR over time (T1-T2). Student status was associated with a significant decrease in CD19+ B lymphocytes and flattened cortisol awakening response (CAR). Change in CAR was associated with the decrease in CD19+ B lymphocytes. Results indicated that there are significant associations among student status, flattening of CAR, and decrements in CD19+ lymphocytes.

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Neuropeptide Y Plasma Levels and Immunological Changes during Academic Stress

Cited by 37 publications

References 27 publications

Orexin-A and leptin change inversely in fasting non-obese subjects

Orexin-A and leptin change inversely in fasting non-obese subjects

Monocytic, Th1 and Th2 Cytokine Alterations in the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia

Stress, cortisol, and B lymphocytes: a novel approach to understanding academic stress and immune function

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