Neuropeptides and Anxiety-Related Behavior.

Landgraf, Rainer

doi:10.1507/endocrj.48.517

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Thus, CRA1000 and CP-154,526 counteracted the adaptive changes in some system impacted by CRF during the repeated withdrawals from ethanol. A number of earlier reports implicated CRF 1 receptors in the anxiogenic effects of CRF or stress (e.g., Heinrichs et al, 1997;Landgraf, 2001) and in the anxiolytic effects of CRF receptor antagonists (Brauns et al, 2001;Radulovic et al, 1999;Seymour et al, 2003). The present results are consistent with these reports but add a new dimension.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Modulation of multiple ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior by CRF and CRF1 receptors

Overstreet

Knapp

Breese

2004

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

159

153

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Previous work demonstrated that rats subjected to multiple withdrawals from chronic ethanol exhibit a sensitization of anxiety-like behavior compared to animals withdrawn from treatment with an equal but continuous amount of ethanol. This study sought to examine whether corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) could modulate this ethanol-withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior. Initially, rats were administered with CRF (1 μg) or vehicle intraventricularly on two occasions 5 days apart while on control diet (CD) followed by exposure to 7% ethanol diet (ED) for 5 days, with social interaction assessed 5 h into withdrawal. Social interaction was significantly reduced in the CRF-treated animals compared to vehicle-treated rats and vehicle-and CRF-treated rats maintained on CD, indicative that CRF given before ethanol exposure was capable of inducing an adaptive change that sensitized withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior. Next, the CRF 1 receptor antagonist CRA1000 (3 mg/kg, systemically), the CRF 2 receptor antagonist antisauvagine-30 (20 μg intraventricularly), or vehicle was injected 4 h after the ethanol was removed following the first and second cycles of chronic ethanol exposure and the effect on the multiple-withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior determined after the third withdrawal cycle. The CRF 1 receptor antagonist blocked the reduced social interaction behavior, whereas the CRF 2 receptor antagonist was without effect. Similar pretreatment with another CRF 1 receptor antagonist CP-154,526 (10 mg/kg systemically) during the first and second withdrawals also counteracted anxiety-like behavior. These findings indicate that the CRF system and CRF 1 receptors play key roles in the adaptive change responsible for the anxiety-like behavior induced by repeated withdrawals from chronic ethanol.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Modulation of multiple ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior by CRF and CRF1 receptors

Overstreet

Knapp

Breese

2004

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

159

153

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“…Their causes and appropriate medication are still elusive [1], and the number of affected people continues to increase [2], [3]. Depression is a highly heritable disorder; epidemiologic studies have shown that about 40–50% of the risk for depression is genetically determined [4], [5] and that depression is in 60% of all cases comorbid with anxiety disorders [6], [7]. These findings are strongly supported by familial and twin studies [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hypomorphic Vasopressin Allele Prevents Anxiety-Related Behavior

et al. 2009

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BackgroundTo investigate neurobiological correlates of trait anxiety, CD1 mice were selectively bred for extremes in anxiety-related behavior, with high (HAB) and low (LAB) anxiety-related behavior mice additionally differing in behavioral tests reflecting depression-like behavior.Methodology/ Principal FindingsIn this study, microarray analysis, in situ hybridization, quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry revealed decreased expression of the vasopressin gene (Avp) in the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei of adult LAB mice compared to HAB, NAB (normal anxiety-related behavior) and HABxLAB F1 intercross controls, without detecting differences in receptor expression or density. By sequencing the regions 2.5 kbp up- and downstream of the Avp gene locus, we could identify several polymorphic loci, differing between the HAB and LAB lines. In the gene promoter, a deletion of twelve bp Δ(−2180–2191) is particularly likely to contribute to the reduced Avp expression detected in LAB animals under basal conditions. Indeed, allele-specific transcription analysis of F1 animals revealed a hypomorphic LAB-specific Avp allele with a reduced transcription rate by 75% compared to the HAB-specific allele, thus explaining line-specific Avp expression profiles and phenotypic features. Accordingly, intra-PVN Avp mRNA levels were found to correlate with anxiety-related and depression-like behaviors. In addition to this correlative evidence, a significant, though moderate, genotype/phenotype association was demonstrated in 258 male mice of a freely-segregating F2 panel, suggesting a causal contribution of the Avp promoter deletion to anxiety-related behavior.DiscussionThus, the identification of polymorphisms in the Avp gene promoter explains gene expression differences in association with the observed phenotype, thus further strengthening the concept of the critical involvement of centrally released AVP in trait anxiety.

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“…These two influences appear to be the most important actors in the developmental process. Thus, some of us are predisposed to never develop any kind of psychiatric disorder, whereas others might succumb from only minor external stimuli [1], [2], [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling Trait Anxiety: Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Cathepsin B (Ctsb) as a Novel Candidate Gene for Emotionality in Mice

et al. 2011

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Behavioral endophenotypes are determined by a multitude of counteracting but precisely balanced molecular and physiological mechanisms. In this study, we aim to identify potential novel molecular targets that contribute to the multigenic trait “anxiety”. We used microarrays to investigate the gene expression profiles of different brain regions within the limbic system of mice which were selectively bred for either high (HAB) or low (LAB) anxiety-related behavior, and also show signs of comorbid depression-like behavior.We identified and confirmed sex-independent differences in the basal expression of 13 candidate genes, using tissue from the entire brain, including coronin 7 (Coro7), cathepsin B (Ctsb), muscleblind-like 1 (Mbnl1), metallothionein 1 (Mt1), solute carrier family 25 member 17 (Slc25a17), tribbles homolog 2 (Trib2), zinc finger protein 672 (Zfp672), syntaxin 3 (Stx3), ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A member 2 (Abca2), ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 5 (Enpp5), high mobility group nucleosomal binding domain 3 (Hmgn3) and pyruvate dehydrogenase beta (Pdhb). Additionally, we confirmed brain region-specific differences in the expression of synaptotagmin 4 (Syt4).Our identification of about 90 polymorphisms in Ctsb suggested that this gene might play a critical role in shaping our mouse model's behavioral endophenotypes. Indeed, the assessment of anxiety-related and depression-like behaviors of Ctsb knock-out mice revealed an increase in depression-like behavior in females.Altogether, our results suggest that Ctsb has significant effects on emotionality, irrespective of the tested mouse strain, making it a promising target for future pharmacotherapy.

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Neuropeptides and Anxiety-Related Behavior.

Cited by 31 publications

References 108 publications

Modulation of multiple ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior by CRF and CRF1 receptors

Modulation of multiple ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior by CRF and CRF1 receptors

A Hypomorphic Vasopressin Allele Prevents Anxiety-Related Behavior

Profiling Trait Anxiety: Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Cathepsin B (Ctsb) as a Novel Candidate Gene for Emotionality in Mice

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