Neuropeptides and Arachidonate Cascade in the Central Nervous System

Gecse, A; Mezei, Zsófia; Telegdy, Gyula

doi:10.1159/000414153

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…An increase in Cat concentration will activate other phospholipases and lipases. Besides this, several other studies have indicated that activities of phospholipases and lipases are stimulated by neuropeptides ((3-endorphin and bradykinin) (Richter et al, 1983;Gecse et al, 1987;Farooqui et al, 1988). It has also been reported that neuropeptide metabolism is related to arachidonic acid metabolism and phospholipase A2 activity (Knepel and Meyen, 1986).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Activities of enzymes metabolizing phospholipids in rat cerebral ischemia

Hirashima

Moto

Endo

et al. 1989

Molecular and Chemical Neuropathology

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Ischemic rat brains were prepared by decapitation followed by incubation in an artificial cerebrospinal fluid at various times at 37 degrees C, and the levels of phospholipids, free fatty acids, and enzymes involved in their metabolism were studied. Activities of phospholipase A, phospholipase C, and di- and monoglyceride lipase, assayed with optimal concentrations of Ca2+ and lysophospholipase, did not significantly change by 60 min of ischemia, whereas acylation enzymes of lysophospholipid decreased in activity to an extent of 70% of control at 15 min after the ischemic treatment. The maximal activities were found at 8 x 10(-3)M, 1 x 10(-3) M, and 2 x 10(-2) M Ca2+ for phospholipase A, phospholipase C, and di- and monoglyceride lipases, respectively in microsomal fractions of both control and ischemic brain. Furthermore, the sensitivity of microsomal enzymes to endogenous Ca2+ was estimated in control and ischemic brain. The sensitivity of phospholipase C was found to be increased after 1 min of ischemic treatment, but those of phospholipase A and di- and monoglyceride lipase were not increased.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Activities of enzymes metabolizing phospholipids in rat cerebral ischemia

Hirashima

Moto

Endo

et al. 1989

Molecular and Chemical Neuropathology

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“…and angiotensin. These neuropeptides are known to stimulate lipolysis [28][29][30][31] through the activation of acylhydrolases. Our preliminary studies have recently indicated that levels of p-endorphin are higher in differ ent regions of the AD brain compared to the normal human brain [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated Activities of Lipases and Lysophospholipase in Alzheimer's Disease

Farooqui

Liss

Horrocks

1990

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Two plasma membrane fractions were obtained from different regions of brains from patients with Alzheimer''s disease (AD) and normal aged individuals. One fraction was from synaptosomes (synaptosomal plasma membrane; SPM) and the other from glial cells and neuronal cell bodies (plasma membrane; PM). Among various regions analyzed, PM and SPM from the nucleus basalis of AD brains displayed 6- to 8-fold higher activities of mono- and diacylglycerol lipases than membranes from age-matched normal individuals. Membranes from the hippocampus region of AD brains also showed consistently higher activities of lipases than those from control brains. Similarly, the lysophospholipase activity in the cytosolic fraction of these regions also showed higher activity (4- to 6-fold) in AD than in corresponding fractions from normal human brains. The cause of increased activities of lipases and lysophospholipases in the nucleus basalis and hippocampus regions is not understood. However, marked elevations of acylhydrolases in the above regions may be due to overexpression, changes in levels of neuropeptides, intracellular calcium ions and/or lipid peroxides. All these are known to stimulate acylhydrolases. Autolytic changes which occur in the brain after death may markedly affect the activities of mono- and diacylglycerol lipases.

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“…In spinal cord injury model, the FFA levels were increased after only laminectomy (Demediuk et al, 1985). It is possible that surgical trauma and anesthesia may cause an increase of the lipid metabolites in both spinal cord and brain, probably because of changes in neurotransmitters (Knepel and Meyen, 1986;Gecse et al, 1987). In this study, group C-1 was adopted as the control group in all comparisons.…”

Section: Lipid Metabolites In Control Brainsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Changes in lipid metabolites and enzymes in rat brain due to ischemia and recirculation

Moto

Hirashima

Endo

et al. 1991

Molecular and Chemical Neuropathology

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Thirty and 60-min ischemic insults resulted in an increase in free fatty acid and 1,2-diacylglycerol contents of rat forebrain. No significant changes were detected in phospholipids except phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate during ischemic insult. Phosphatidylinositol 4-monohosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate contents decreased during ischemia. Although the increase in free fatty acid contents continued, 1,2-diacylglycerol did not show further increase after 30-min ischemia. These results suggest that there may be another pathway for the accumulation of free fatty acids in addition to phospholipase C coupled to di-and monoacylglycerol lipase.Free fatty acid and 1,2-diacylglycerol contents increased transiently and thereafter decreased to control levels within 90 min after postischemic recirculation. The decrease in arachidonic acid content preceded those of other FFA. Phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate contents gradually increased after the initiation of recirculation in ischemic brains. Lysophosphatidylcholine decreased gradually after temporary increase during 15 and 5-min recirculations in 30 and 60-min ischemic groups. Phospholipase A, phospholipase C, and di-and monoacylglycerol lipase activities did not show significant changes during

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Neuropeptides and Arachidonate Cascade in the Central Nervous System

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Activities of enzymes metabolizing phospholipids in rat cerebral ischemia

Activities of enzymes metabolizing phospholipids in rat cerebral ischemia

Elevated Activities of Lipases and Lysophospholipase in Alzheimer's Disease

Changes in lipid metabolites and enzymes in rat brain due to ischemia and recirculation

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