Neuropharmacological Profile and Chemical Analysis of Moroccan Ormenis mixta L.

Abstract

Ormenis mixta L. is traditionally used for central nervous system (CNS)-related diseases. Its anti-stress properties have received attention in Moroccan traditional medicine and aromatherapy. However, no pharmacological studies have yet been undertaken on this plant in Morocco. The present study provides a preliminary phytochemical screening and psychopharmacological profile of the essential oil and aqueous extract from Ormenis mixta L. by using behavioral tests in vivo, at graded doses. The result of this research shows that Ormenis mixta L. was safe up to 2 g/kg b.w. (body weight) in the acute toxicity study, possesses potential psychostimulant effect, and has antianxiety and antidepressant-like activity. This activity profile of Ormenis mixta L. was similar to the typical psychostimulant, caffeine. The exact mechanism of action underlying this stimulant-like effect should be clarified with further detailed studies. These results explained the extensive use of Ormenis mixta L. as a traditional medicine in Morocco.

Integrated Analysis by GC/MS and 13C NMR of Moroccan Cladanthus mixtus Essential Oil; Identification of Uncommon Epoxyfarnesanes

“…The compositions of essential oils of group 1 were dominated either by santolina al cohol (24.1-66.0%) [6][7][8][9][10][11], camphor (17.8-33.0%) [12][13][14], 2-methyl-2-trans-buteny methacrylate (32.0-35.2%) [12,15,16], (E)-β-farnesene (35.5-50.3%) [12,15], or (E) nerolidol (44.1%) [13]; -Samples of group 2 contained mainly monoterpenes (α-pinene, myrcene, 1,8-cineole and camphor), irregular monoterpenes (santolina triene and santolina alcohol), ses quiterpene hydrocarbons (germacrene D and (E)-β-farnesene), or miscellaneous (2 tridecanone and (Z)-methyl isoeugenol) [12,13,17,18]. The aim of this paper that reports on the composition of two C. mixtus oil sample submitted to combined analysis by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques is to demonstrate overall the importance of 13 C NMR in identifying uncommon oxygenated sesquiterpenes, the presence of which induces an unusual composition.…”

“…The compositions of essential oils of group 1 were dominated either by santolina alcohol (24.1-66.0%) [6][7][8][9][10][11], camphor (17.8-33.0%) [12][13][14], 2-methyl-2-trans-butenyl methacrylate (32.0-35.2%) [12,15,16], (E)-β-farnesene (35.5-50.3%) [12,15], or (E)nerolidol (44.1%) [13]; -Samples of group 2 contained mainly monoterpenes (α-pinene, myrcene, 1,8-cineole, and camphor), irregular monoterpenes (santolina triene and santolina alcohol), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (germacrene D and (E)-β-farnesene), or miscellaneous (2tridecanone and (Z)-methyl isoeugenol) [12,13,17,18].…”