Neurophysiological and Behavioral Changes in Non-Target Wildlife Exposed to Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticides: Thermoregulation, Food Consumption, and Reproduction

Grue, Christian E.; Gibert, Peter L.; Seeley, Maureen E.

doi:10.1093/icb/37.4.369

Cited by 153 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…In many cases, wildlife is exposed to sub-lethal doses of insecticides. It is likely that the physiologic and behavioral effects of such doses have adverse consequences on population dynamics in free-living birds (Grue et al, 1991(Grue et al, , 1997Hill, 1995;Burkepile et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma B-Esterase Activities in European Raptors

Roy

Grolleau

Chamoulaud

et al. 2005

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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B-esterases are serine hydrolases composed of cholinesterases, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and carboxylesterase (CbE). These esterases, found in blood plasma, are inhibited by organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate (CB) insecticides and can be used as nondestructive biomarkers of exposure to anticholinesterase insecticides. Furthermore, B-esterases are involved in detoxification of these insecticides. In order to establish the level of these enzymes and to have reference values for their normal activities, total plasma cholinesterase (ChE), AChE and BChE activities, and plasma CbE activity were determined in 729 European raptors representing 20 species, four families, and two orders. The diurnal families of the Falconiforme order were represented by Accipitridae and Falconidae and the nocturnal families of the Strigiforme order by Tytonidae and Strigidae. Intraspecies differences in cholinesterase activities according to sex and/or age were investigated in buzzards (Buteo buteo), sparrowhawks (Accipiter nisus), kestrels (Falco tinnunculus), barn owls (Tyto alba), and tawny owls (Strix aluco). Sex-related differences affecting ChE and AChE activities were observed in young kestrels (2-3-mo-old) and age-related differences in kestrels (ChE and AChE), sparrowhawks (AChE), and tawny owls (ChE, AChE, and BChE). The interspecies analysis yielded a negative correlation between ChE activity and body mass taking into account the relative contribution of AChE and BChE to ChE activity, with the exception of the honey buzzard (Pernis apivorus). The lowest ChE activities were found in the two largest species, Bonelli's eagle (Hieraaëtus fasciatus) and Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) belonging to the Accipitridae family. The highest ChE activities were found in the relatively small species belonging to the Tytonidae and Strigidae families and in honey buzzard of the Accipitridae family. Species of the Accipitridae, Tytonidae, and Strigidae families were characterized by a BChE contribution that dominated the total ChE activity, while in the species of the Falconidae family, AChE activity dominated. With the exception of the barn owl, CbE activity (eserine-insensitive ␣-naphthyl acetate esterase [␣-⌵〈⌭] activity) in all species was almost absent or very low. The values obtained in this study for ChE, AChE, and BChE activities and the AChE:BChE ratios for buzzard, kestrel, barn owl, and tawny owl provide a good estimate of the normal values in free-living individuals of these European species. They can be used as a baseline to evaluate the effect of anticholinesterase insecticides in the field.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma B-Esterase Activities in European Raptors

Roy

Grolleau

Chamoulaud

et al. 2005

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…The activity was higher because both compounds contains organophosphorus insecticide (chloropyrifos). These insecticides bind to the enzyme, leading to the accumulation of acetylcholine in the synapse, resulting in the disruption of normal nervous system functioning (Morifusa 1979;Habig and Di Giulio 1991;Grue et al 1997).…”

Section: Enzymatic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Targets Affected by Subacute Doses of New Pesticide Mixtures Tested On Albino Rats

Shalaby¹,

El-Mageed²

2010

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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Few studies have characterize the toxicological effects of exposure to pesticide mixtures. For this reason, the present study aimed to estimate the median lethal doses (LD 50 ) of some new pesticide mixtures; chlorosan, feroban, cygron, engeo and kingbo on albino rats. The in vivo effect of these compounds on some biochemical targets were also investigated. The estimated median lethal doses (LD 50 ) of chlorosan, feroban, engeo and cygron were 140.8, 264.0, 281.5 and 352.0 mg/kg body weight (b.w.), respectively. The estimated median lethal dose was more than 160.0 mg/kg b.w. in the case of kingbo. The symptoms of the affected animals included salivation, bleeding, activity increase and the chlorosan treated rats closed their eyes. Some animals died after doses of chlorosan, feroban and engeo administered at different intervals. The results showed a significant increase in the activities of plasma transaminases [Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT) and Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (GPT)] and glutathione S-transferase (GST). It was found that the tested pesticides significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity 1 h after the last dose. Also, there was a significant increase in creatinine and urea levels. The obtained data concluded that chlorosan was the most effective against albino rats followed by feroban and engeo, while kingbo was the least effective. By the end of the experiment, the enzyme activities and kidney functions of animals treated with chlorosan, feroban and engeo did not return to normal.

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“…Grue et al (1997) reviewed the literature for evidence of neurophysiological and behavioral changes in thermoregulation, food consumption, and reproduction in wildlife exposed to OP and CB pesticides. They summarized studies indicating that pesticide-induced hypothermia is often associated with brain ChE depression of 50% or greater, with body temperature usually returning to normal within 24 h, and that pesticide toxicity is enhanced by exposure to cold in some instances.…”

Section: Limitations Of Mortality Observations In Estimating Pesticidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They summarized studies indicating that pesticide-induced hypothermia is often associated with brain ChE depression of 50% or greater, with body temperature usually returning to normal within 24 h, and that pesticide toxicity is enhanced by exposure to cold in some instances. Physical signs, such as diarrhea, convulsions, and vomiting, are often seen in animals acutely exposed to OPs and CBs and later reductions in consumption of clean feed may be due to anorexia as a result of clinical signs or conditioned aversion, which may occur after toxin ingestion (Grue et al 1997;Nicolaus and Lee 1999). Sublethal pesticide exposure may affect reproduction in a variety of ways, including interference with migration and sexual behavior, reduction in egg laying, and impacts on nest attentiveness and incubation behavior leading to decreased hatching success (Grue et al 1997).…”

Section: Limitations Of Mortality Observations In Estimating Pesticidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physical signs, such as diarrhea, convulsions, and vomiting, are often seen in animals acutely exposed to OPs and CBs and later reductions in consumption of clean feed may be due to anorexia as a result of clinical signs or conditioned aversion, which may occur after toxin ingestion (Grue et al 1997;Nicolaus and Lee 1999). Sublethal pesticide exposure may affect reproduction in a variety of ways, including interference with migration and sexual behavior, reduction in egg laying, and impacts on nest attentiveness and incubation behavior leading to decreased hatching success (Grue et al 1997). Although conditioned taste aversion may decrease subsequent exposure to a pesticide, subsequent avoidance of untainted prey and food items disrupts foraging and endangers breeding efficiency (Nicolaus and Lee 1999).…”

Section: Limitations Of Mortality Observations In Estimating Pesticidmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Avian Mortality Events in the United States Caused by Anticholinesterase Pesticides: A Retrospective Summary of National Wildlife Health Center Records from 1980 to 2000

Fleischli

Franson

Thomas

et al. 2004

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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Neurophysiological and Behavioral Changes in Non-Target Wildlife Exposed to Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticides: Thermoregulation, Food Consumption, and Reproduction

Cited by 153 publications

References 123 publications

Plasma B-Esterase Activities in European Raptors

Plasma B-Esterase Activities in European Raptors

Biochemical Targets Affected by Subacute Doses of New Pesticide Mixtures Tested On Albino Rats

Avian Mortality Events in the United States Caused by Anticholinesterase Pesticides: A Retrospective Summary of National Wildlife Health Center Records from 1980 to 2000

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