Neurophysiological markers of cue reactivity and inhibition subtend a three-month period of complete alcohol abstinence

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined With Cognitive Training Induces Response Inhibition Facilitation Through Distinct Neural Responses According to the Stimulation Site: A Follow-up Event-Related Potentials Study

“…A minimum of 20 accepted trials for both the Go and the No-go trials was required (by session) to average and compute the related “Go” and “No-go” ERP components. Specific “inhibitory No-go effects” tagging IC skills were obtained by computing the difference “No-go minus Go” waveform, 20,33-36 giving rise to the No-go N2d and P3d (d for difference) waves (Figure 2). As ERP latencies provide information regarding the processing speed, the individual latency has been quantified, according to the peak latency method.…”

Neuropsychophysiological Measures of Alcohol Dependence: Can We Use EEG in the Clinical Assessment?

“…Therefore, there could be evidence of greater homogeneity when used to assess the clinical course of patients. Since they show a great sensitivity to change along the treatment process ( 155 , 156 ). Possibly because they reflect the integrity of some cognitive components that we could consider as intermediate endophenotypes, or as “stepping stones” to the disorder, but also toward the clinical recovery ( 8 ).…”

Use of cognitive event-related potentials in the management of psychiatric disorders: Towards an individual follow-up and multi-component clinical approach

“…By fostering a longitudinal follow-up and intra-individual ERP approach, recent works have tried to verify the clinical utility of such designs, in which ERP measurements are included just as one would include measurements of symptoms. In a study by our laboratory of alcohol-dependent patients undergoing a four-week detoxification program[ 109 ], we showed that monitoring the changes in dual-processes that are well-known to trigger addictions (No-go P3 for inhibition[ 110 ] and P3 for cue reactivity[ 111 ]), at the start and at the end of the program, can provide clues about the mechanisms involved in abstinence or relapse. Indeed, specific changes in cognitive ERP markers during detoxification (a preserved oddball P3 and an enhanced No-go P3) indexed complete abstinence (over a 3-mo period) in alcoholic patients.…”

“…Therefore, merging test-retest ERP data with behavioral performances would allow identification of patients who need to recover more neural resources to achieve better performance ( e.g. , an increase of inhibitory No-go P3 resources to maintain abstinence in alcoholic patients[ 109 ]), while patients exhibiting compensatory or exacerbated mechanisms may need to reduce the activity allocated to the task ( e.g. , decreased ERN in anxiety disorders to assess better emotional regulation[ 56 ]).…”

“…These types of individual assessments would help clinicians specify individual interventions that will target each patient’s needs, thus providing “individualized” or “personalized” medicine[ 26 ]. For instance, a recently detoxified alcoholic patient who does not exhibit improvements on the No-go P3 component could be redirected to post-cure specific inhibitory boosting programs[ 109 ], while a patient with a severe anxiety disorder who does not exhibit a reduced ERN due to a drug treatment could be directed to therapies that address emotional regulation such as mindfulness[ 133 ]. Naturally, it is important at this point to outline that, on the basis of DSM or ICD psychiatric categories, some ERP trait markers have also been described.…”