Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying motor skill learning in young and older adults

Mooney, Ronan A.; Cirillo, John; Byblow, Winston D.

doi:10.1007/s00221-019-05599-8

Cited by 35 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Accordingly, it is conceivable that in the current study, activation of M1 -a region also On a neurophysiological level, no task-related stimulation-dependent changes in CSE and SICI were observed for any of the three tDCS timing groups at any of the post-stimulation time-points. These results are in line with recent research on older adults (Mooney et al, 2019; DURING group in the current study) and is also consistent with research on younger adults reporting no statistically-significant change in MEP amplitude following concurrent anodal tDCS and motor acquisition (Amadi et al, 2015;Cabral et al, 2015) or when anodal tDCS is delivered after motor acquisition (Cabral et al, 2015; AFTER group in the current study). Moreover, another recent study (Ambrus et al, 2016) assessed anodal tDCS induced CSE changes during a SRTT in younger adults, as opposed to pre-post measurements, and reported no statistically-significant effects.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The current acquisition and immediate retention findings are in line with a number of studies reporting no significant beneficial effects (Chen et al, 2020;Lum et al, 2018;Mooney et al, 2019;Sobierajewicz et al, 2018). However, other studies reporting statistically significant beneficial effects of M1 anodal tDCS on explicit sequence acquisition (Cuypers et al, 2013;Saucedo Marquez et al, 2013;Stagg et al, 2011;Zimerman et al, 2013) and consolidation (Rumpf et al, 2017;Tecchio et al, 2010), pointing to the heterogeneity and equivocality of evidence.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

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Timing-specific effects of single-session M1 anodal tDCS on motor sequence retention in healthy older adults

Puri¹,

Hinder²,

Krüger³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may assist in counteracting age-related decline in cognitive and motor functions. The current study investigated the potential impact of anodal tDCS, and the timing of its application, in mitigating age-related deficits in motor sequence learning.Forty-eight healthy older adults received, over the primary motor cortex (M1), tDCS – anodal and sham at least 1 week apart – before, during or after an explicit sequence-learning task with electrophysiological measures of corticospinal excitability (CSE) and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) also obtained.Bayesian analyses revealed no generalised benefit of anodal tDCS on performance during acquisition and immediate retention. Furthermore, there was not enough evidence to support timing-specific stimulation differences on performance during acquisition and immediate retention. However, performance at delayed retention – measured 24 h after acquisition – was considerably worse in the anodal (13.1%) than sham (17.6%) tDCS session for the group receiving tDCS during sequence acquisition, but not before (anodal: 18.4%; sham: 16.7%) or after (anodal: 18.5%; sham: 16.3%) it. No corresponding task-specific stimulation-based changes in CSE and SICI were observed.Thus, single-session M1 anodal tDCS in healthy older adults not only proved ineffective in facilitating sequence acquisition and immediate retention but also, when administered during sequence learning, proved detrimental to delayed retention. Overall, these null and negative results may have implications for the use of tDCS in clinical and rehabilitative settings, especially in the elderly.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Timing-specific effects of single-session M1 anodal tDCS on motor sequence retention in healthy older adults

Puri¹,

Hinder²,

Krüger³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast, when assessed using AP stimulation the same isolated contraction results in reductions in SICI that are specific to the thumb representation, suggesting that modulation of GAB-A A ergic processes targeting AP-sensitive late I-wave circuits are important for fractionation of muscle activation (76). In addition to the activity-dependent modulation of inhibitory processes, more recent work by Mooney et al (81) has demonstrated that a. SMU peak latencies (data show average of seven participants ± SEM) recordings following PA (blue bars) and AP (pink bars) stimulation with 30 μsec and 120 μsec monophasic pulse widths. SMU recruitment with AP stimulation was significantly delayed relative to PA stimulation.…”

Section: Evidence From Functional Studies Pa/ap Inputs Are Differentially Involved With Muscle Activation Motor Training and Movement Prementioning

confidence: 99%

Preferential Activation of Unique Motor Cortical Networks With Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Review of the Physiological, Functional, and Clinical Evidence

Opie

Semmler

2021

Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface

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“…1), where a larger value represents better performance ( Stavrinos and Coxon, 2017 ). Although the beta value in the below equation was developed in younger adults, it is similar to those previously utilized in older adults ( Mooney et al, 2019 ), and was used across all participants, therefore not affecting differences in skill. The skill parameter has previously been log-transformed to reduce the heteroscedasticity of the data ( Reis et al, 2009 ; Stavrinos and Coxon, 2017 ), however, sensitivity analysis revealed that this technique did not alter the results of the current study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1), where a larger value represents better performance (Stavrinos and Coxon, 2017). Although the beta value in the below equation was developed in younger adults, it is similar to those previously utilized in older adults (Mooney et al, 2019), and was used across all participants, therefore not affecting differences in skill. The skill parameter has previously FIGURE 3 | Sequential visual isometric pinch task (SVIPT).…”

Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Short-Term Intervention of High-Intensity Exercise and Anodal-tDCS on Motor Learning in Middle-Aged Adults: An RCT

Quinlan

Rattray

Pryor

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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High-intensity exercise has enhanced motor learning in healthy young adults. Anodal-transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) may optimize these effects. This study aimed to determine the effects of a short-term high-intensity interval exercise intervention either with or without a-tDCS on the learning and retention of a novel motor task in middle-aged adults. Forty-two healthy middle-aged adults (age = 44.6 ± 6.3, female = 76%) were randomized into three groups: exercise and active a-tDCS, exercise and sham a-tDCS, and a non-exercise and sham a-tDCS control. Participants completed a baseline testing session, followed by three intervention sessions 48-h apart. The exercise groups completed 20-min of high-intensity exercise followed by a novel sequential visual isometric pinch task (SVIPT) while receiving 20-min of 1.5 mA a-tDCS, or sham tDCS. The control group completed 20-min of reading before receiving sham a-tDCS during the SVIPT. Learning was assessed by skill change within and between intervention sessions. Participants returned 5–7 days after the final intervention session and performed the SVIPT task to assess retention. All three groups showed evidence of learning on the SVIPT task. Neither group displayed enhanced overall learning or retention when compared to the control group. High-intensity exercise with or without a-tDCS did not improve learning or retention of a novel motor task in middle-aged adults. The methodological framework provides direction for future research to investigate the potential of differing exercise intensity effects on learning and retention.

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Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying motor skill learning in young and older adults

Cited by 35 publications

References 63 publications

Timing-specific effects of single-session M1 anodal tDCS on motor sequence retention in healthy older adults

Timing-specific effects of single-session M1 anodal tDCS on motor sequence retention in healthy older adults

Preferential Activation of Unique Motor Cortical Networks With Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Review of the Physiological, Functional, and Clinical Evidence

A Short-Term Intervention of High-Intensity Exercise and Anodal-tDCS on Motor Learning in Middle-Aged Adults: An RCT

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