Neurophysiological Methods in Occupational and Environmental Health: Methodology and Recent Findings

Araki, Shunichi; Yokoyama, Kazuhito; Murata, Katsuyuki

doi:10.1006/enrs.1997.3708

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…We recognize that our technique for assessing conduction velocity does not strictly measure NCV because it included junctional and sarcolemmal transmission,9, 19 and thus was not entirely neural. Conduction defects in diabetic neuropathy are thought to be primarily a consequence of nerve demyelination30 along with the possibility of some ultrastructural changes at the neuromuscular junction, as has been observed with severe streptozotocin‐induced diabetes 18.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We measured the latency between the onset of the stimulus artifact and the onset of the M wave, and conduction velocity was calculated as the distance between the stimulation site and the recording electrode divided by the latency averaged over 10 supramaximal shocks. Since the stimulation site was on the femoral nerve and the recording site was on the muscle, our measurement of motor latency included junctional and sarcolemmal transmission9, 19 and thus was not entirely neural. However, M‐wave duration, measured from 10 supramaximal stimuli at the start of the experiment, showed no significant difference between the control and diabetic subjects and thus we conclude that sarcolemmal conduction velocity is the same in both subject groups.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Slower conduction velocity and motor unit discharge frequency are associated with muscle fatigue during isometric exercise in type 1 diabetes mellitus

2007

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with a peripheral neuropathy that reduces nerve conduction velocity. This may impair high motor-unit discharge frequencies (MUDF), decrease muscle activation, and curtail the ability to sustain repetitive contractile tasks. We examined (1) whether MUDF, the contractile properties of the knee extensors, and the conduction velocity of persons with T1DM differed from controls; (2) whether persons with T1DM can maintain adequate MUDF during a fatigue protocol; and (3) the relationship between these parameters and impaired glycemic control. We studied male and female subjects with T1DM and controls matched for age, height, weight, and gender. Single motor unit recordings were made from vastus lateralis during maximal and submaximal contractions and during a fatigue protocol. Glycemic control was assessed from blood glucose concentration and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Control femoral conduction velocities were comparable to literature values and those of the T1DM subjects were slower. These values correlated with plasma glucose and HbA1c. T1DM subjects fatigued 45% sooner than controls, and time to fatigue and conduction velocity were correlated (r = 0.54, P < 0.05). Discharge frequencies tended to be slower during 50% maximal voluntary contractile force in the T1DM subjects at task failure. Persons with T1DM had slower conduction velocities and lower MUDF than their controls, which apparently leads to impaired activation of muscle and decreased endurance during isometric fatigue.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slower conduction velocity and motor unit discharge frequency are associated with muscle fatigue during isometric exercise in type 1 diabetes mellitus

2007

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“…The outcome measures analyzed were: total length generated by the body sway; the body sway's radius; and body weight. These parameters are thoroughly described by Hufschmidt et al (1980) 24) , Araki et al (1996) 25) and Takala et al (1997) 26) .…”

Section: Stabilometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of a Head Wash Cooling Protocol Using Non‐Refrigerated Water in Reducing Heat Stress

Fujii

Horie

Tsutsui

et al. 2008

Journal of Occupational Health

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Health, Japan-Envisioning a cooling method and aiming at maximum feasibility and simplicity, we designed an experimental intervention-control study based on non-refrigerated water usage, consisting of pouring 2 l of 23.0°C water simultaneously on head and hands for one minute, after every 20 min of exertion. The subjects were 11 fit male individuals between 19 and 26 yr old. Each individual participated in one control and one intervention measurement in a climatic chamber at 35°C and 60% humidity (31.5°C WBGT) on different days. Heart rate, rectal, esophageal, skin and external ear canal temperatures were monitored constantly. Each experiment consisted of 10 min of basal recording followed by 3 intervals of 20 min of cycling and 15 min of rest. Stabilometry and visual reaction time tests were performed before and after each resting period. A questionnaire evaluating equilibrium, concentration, alertness and tiredness was administered at the beginning and at the end of every experiment. Paired t-test analysis revealed significant improvements in subjective parameters (all p<0.05), as well as skin (p<0.05), external ear canal (p<0.01) and esophageal (p<0.05) temperatures during the rest periods. Repeated measurement analysis of variance revealed significant cooling in all the aforementioned temperatures except the esophageal temperature (p=0.28). Other parameters were not significantly different. Our findings indicate that this method has subjective and physiologic positive effects, and thus can be used as a complementary low cost method to cool subjects safely. (J Occup Health 2008; 50: 251-261)

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“…Advances in neurophysiologic methods have provided the tools to objectively measure even subtle effects of toxic exposures if they are present (Araki et al, 1997). The auditory system is especially suited for epidemiological studies since many of the tests can be carried out in the field, and it allows precise measurement of peripheral end-organ function, brainstem transit speed, and central nervous system (CNS) function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurophysiologic measures of auditory function in fish consumers: Associations with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and methylmercury

Dziorny¹,

Orlando²,

Strain³

et al. 2013

NeuroToxicology

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Background Determining if associations exist between child neurodevelopment and environmental exposures, especially low level or background ones, is challenging and dependent upon being able to measure specific and sensitive endpoints. Psychometric or behavioral measures of CNS function have traditionally been used in such studies, but do have some limitations. Auditory neurophysiologic measures examine different nervous system structures and mechanisms, have fewer limitations, can more easily by quantified, and might be helpful testing additions. To date, their use in human epidemiological studies has been limited. We reviewed the use of auditory brainstem responses (ABR) and otoacoustic emissions (OAE) in studies designed to determine the relationship of exposures to methyl mercury (MeHg) and nutrients from fish consumption with neurological development. We included studies of experimental animals and humans in an effort to better understand the possible benefits and risks of fish consumption. Objectives We reviewed the literature on the use of ABR and OAE to measure associations with environmental exposures that result from consuming a diet high in fish. We focused specifically on long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) and MeHg. Methods We performed a comprehensive review of relevant studies using web-based search tools and appropriate search terms. Results Gestational exposure to both LCPUFA and MeHg has been reported to influence the developing auditory system. In experimental studies supplemental LCPUFA is reported to prolong ABR latencies and human studies also suggest an association. Experimental studies of acute and gestational MeHg exposure are reported to prolong ABR latencies and impair hair cell function. In humans, MeHg exposure is reported to prolong ABR latencies, but the impact on hair cell function is unknown. Conclusion The auditory system can provide objective measures and may be useful in studying exposures to nutrients and toxicants and whether they are associated with children’s neurodevelopment.

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Neurophysiological Methods in Occupational and Environmental Health: Methodology and Recent Findings

Cited by 14 publications

References 56 publications

Slower conduction velocity and motor unit discharge frequency are associated with muscle fatigue during isometric exercise in type 1 diabetes mellitus

Slower conduction velocity and motor unit discharge frequency are associated with muscle fatigue during isometric exercise in type 1 diabetes mellitus

Effectiveness of a Head Wash Cooling Protocol Using Non‐Refrigerated Water in Reducing Heat Stress

Neurophysiologic measures of auditory function in fish consumers: Associations with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and methylmercury

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