Neurophysiological studies on atypical parkinsonian syndromes

Bologna, Matteo; Suppa, Antonio; Stasio, Flavio Di; Conte, Antonella; Fabbrini, Giovanni; Berardelli, Alfredo

doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.06.017

Cited by 29 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative brain disorder that progresses slowly. This clinical syndrome is characterized by lesions in the basal ganglia (predominantly in the substantia nigra), and symptoms include tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability 77 , 78 . The AChA may play a role in PD because, in rare cases, PD may arise due to AChA territorial infarcts affecting the basal ganglial structures and the striatal pre-synaptic dopaminergic pathways 79 .…”

Section: Other Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical importance of the anterior choroidal artery: a review of the literature

Xu¹,

Zhao²,

Yu³

2018

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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The anterior choroidal artery (AChA) is a critical artery in brain physiology and function. The AChA is involved in many diseases, including aneurysm, brain infarct, Moyamoya disease (MMD), brain tumor, arteriovenous malformation (AVM), etc. The AChA is vulnerable to damage during the treatment of these diseases and is thus a very important vessel. However, a comprehensive systematic review of the importance of the AChA is currently lacking. In this study, we used the PUBMED database to perform a literature review of the AChA to increase our understanding of its role in neurophysiology. Although the AChA is a small thin artery, it supplies an extremely important region of the brain. The AChA consists of cisternal and plexal segments, and the point of entry into the choroidal plexus is known as the plexal point. During treatment for aneurysms, tumors, AVM or AVF, the AChA cisternal segments should be preserved as a pathway to prevent the infarction of the AChA target region in the brain. In MMD, a dilated AChA provides collateral flow for posterior circulation. In brain infarcts, rapid treatment is necessary to prevent brain damage. In Parkinson disease (PD), the role of the AChA is unclear. In trauma, the AChA can tear and result in intracranial hematoma. In addition, both chronic and non-chronic branch vessel occlusions in the AChA are clinically silent and should not deter aneurysm treatment with flow diversion. Based on the data available, the AChA is a highly essential vessel.

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Section: Other Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical importance of the anterior choroidal artery: a review of the literature

Xu¹,

Zhao²,

Yu³

2018

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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“…This heterogeneous neurophysiological response to TBS seems to be specific to CBS and is in contrast to the response reported in PSP, which is characterized by enhanced M1 LTP‐like plasticity . Within this context, the different responses to TBS‐induced LTP/LTD‐like plasticity in patients with PSP and CBS suggest that the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in these two conditions are different .…”

Section: Neurophysiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…The study also revealed asymmetric responses in terms of LTP‐ and LTD‐like plasticity when the M1 contralateral to the clinically less affected side (manifesting parkinsonism) was compared with that on the clinically more affected side (manifesting dystonia, apraxia, alien limb phenomena and cortical sensory deficit) . This heterogeneous neurophysiological response to TBS seems to be specific to CBS and is in contrast to the response reported in PSP, which is characterized by enhanced M1 LTP‐like plasticity . Within this context, the different responses to TBS‐induced LTP/LTD‐like plasticity in patients with PSP and CBS suggest that the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in these two conditions are different .…”

Section: Neurophysiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 79%

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Corticobasal syndrome: neuroimaging and neurophysiological advances

Stasio

Suppa

Marsili

et al. 2019

Euro J of Neurology

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Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by 4R tau protein deposition in several brain regions that clinically manifests itself as a heterogeneous atypical parkinsonism typically expressed in adulthood. The prototypical clinical phenotype of CBD is corticobasal syndrome (CBS). Important insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying motor and higher cortical symptoms in CBS have been gained by using advanced neuroimaging and neurophysiological techniques. Structural and functional neuroimaging studies often show asymmetric cortical and subcortical abnormalities, mainly involving perirolandic and parietal regions and basal ganglia structures. Neurophysiological investigations including electroencephalography and somatosensory evoked potentials provide useful information on the origin of myoclonus and on cortical sensory loss. Transcranial magnetic stimulation demonstrates heterogeneous and asymmetric changes in the excitability and plasticity of primary motor cortex and abnormal hemispheric connectivity. Neuroimaging and neurophysiological abnormalities in multiple brain areas reflect asymmetric neurodegeneration, leading to asymmetric motor and higher cortical symptoms in CBS.

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“…brain deposition of tau-protein, the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to these neurodegenerative conditions remain unclear. Moreover, since parkinsonism is known to occur both in FTD and in other tauopathies such as PSP and CBS [ 2 ], any neurophysiological differences and similarities between FTD and other tau-related atypical parkinsonisms need to be investigated to gain a better understanding of the specific pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these neurodegenerative disorders [ 3 ].…”

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confidence: 99%