Neuroplasticity and the Biological Role of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the Pathophysiology and Management of Depression

Chakrapani, Sumita; Eskander, Noha; Santos, Lorenzo A De Los; Omisore, Basiru A; Mostafa, Jihan A

doi:10.7759/cureus.11396

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is well-known to be disrupted in the course of depression, and some diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting HPA have been proposed [ 38 , 39 ]. Depression has also been conceptualized as a neurodevelopmental disease [ 40 ], and some neuroplasticity entities such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) deficiency may play a crucial role in its pathophysiology [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who Benefits from Fermented Food Consumption? A Comparative Analysis between Psychiatrically Ill and Psychiatrically Healthy Medical Students

Karbownik

Mokros

Kowalczyk

2022

IJERPH

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Probiotic therapies and fermented food diets hold promise for improving mental health. Although in this regard psychiatric patients appear to benefit more than healthy individuals, no research has been performed to directly evaluate this hypothesis. The present study examined a cohort of medical students facing a stressful event, and some of the students reported suffering from chronic psychiatric diseases. The amount of fermented food consumption was calculated with the use of seven-day dietary records, while depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed with the use of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, respectively. In psychiatrically healthy medical students under psychological stress (n = 372), higher fermented food consumption was associated with more depressive and anxiety symptoms. In contrast, psychiatrically ill medical students (n = 25, 6.3% of all the participants) were found to present a negative association between the amount of fermented food consumed and the severity of depressive symptoms (adjusted β −0.52, 95% CI −0.85 to −0.19, p = 0.0042); however, this relationship was insignificant for anxiety symptoms (adjusted β −0.22, 95% CI −0.59 to 0.15, p = 0.22). A significant interaction was found between the consumption of fermented food and psychiatric diagnosis in predicting depressive symptoms (p = 0.0001), and a borderline significant interaction for anxiety symptoms (p = 0.053). In conclusion, psychiatrically ill people, but not healthy ones, may benefit from fermented food consumption in terms of alleviation of depressive symptoms. Our findings require cautious interpretation and further investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who Benefits from Fermented Food Consumption? A Comparative Analysis between Psychiatrically Ill and Psychiatrically Healthy Medical Students

Karbownik

Mokros

Kowalczyk

2022

IJERPH

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“…BDNF is a vital mediator of neuroplasticity, as it modulates multiple processes including axonal and dendritic growth, synaptic plasticity, synaptogenesis, and neurogenesis [ 43 , 68 ]. The neurotrophic hypothesis of depression posits that downregulation of neurotrophins, predominantly BDNF in the hippocampus and PFC, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of depression and that upregulation of BDNF is essential for the action of antidepressants [ 69 ]. Furthermore, 5-HT 1A activation is also associated with BDNF regulation [ 70 , 71 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiolytic and antidepressants’ effect of Crataegus pinnatifida (Shan Zha): biochemical mechanisms

et al. 2022

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Depression and anxiety disorders are highly prevalent. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the current first-line treatment for depression, but they have pronounced limitations. Traditional Chinese medicine can serve as a safe and effective alternative to conventional drugs, particularly since many herbal remedies have already been approved for human use as food additives, making the transition from bench to bedside more efficient. We previously demonstrated that a novel herbal treatment (NHT) induces anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects. NHT consists of four herbs: Crataegus pinnatifida (Shan Zha), Triticum aestivum (Fu Xiao Mai), Lilium brownii (Baihe), and the fruit of Ziziphus jujuba (Da Zao). In the current study, we examined the antidepressant-like and anxiolytic-like activities of each individual herb on stressed mice and compared those to the effects of NHT and escitalopram. We show here that Shan Zha is sufficient to produce an anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effect similar to NHT or the escitalopram through activation of 5-HT1A receptor and an elevation in BDNF levels in the hippocampus and Pre-frontal cortex (PFC). Chronic treatment with Shan Zha did not alter serotonin transporter levels in the PFC, as opposed to escitalopram treatment. These results were confirmed in vitro, as none of the herbs blocked SERT activity in Xenopus oocytes. Notably, Shan Zha is sold as a nutritional supplement; thus, its transition to clinical trials can be easier. Once its efficacy and safety are substantiated, Shan Zha may serve as an alternative to conventional antidepressants.

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“…В ходе настоящего исследования было установлено, что «социальный» стресс сопровождается сни-жением уровня нейротрофического фактора мозга и фактора роста нервов, что связано с изменением нейропластичности с последующим угнетением нейрогенеза. В ряде экспериментальных работ доказано, что BDNF обладает выраженными нейропротекторными свойствами, способствуя угнетению клеточного апоптоза, препятствуя, в свою очередь, гибели нейронов и стимулируя рост холинергических нервных волокон [42,43]. Установлено, что в условиях «социального» стресса наряду со снижение уровней нейротрофических факторов наблюдается повышение уровней каспазы-3 и каспазы-8, а также фактора некроза опухоли сыворотки крови белых крыс.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Effect of Glyprolines on the Level of Apoptotic and Neurotrophic Factors Under Conditions of “Social” Stress

Ясенявская

Цибизова

Andreeva

et al. 2021

Farm. farmakol. (Pâtigorsk)

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The aim of the article was to study the effect of glyproline neuropeptide compounds Thr–Lys–Pro–Arg–Pro–Gly–Pro (Selank), Pro–Gly–Pro and Pro–Gly–Pro–Leu, on the level of apoptotic factors (caspase-3, caspase-8, the tumor necrosis factor) and neurotrophic factors (the nerve growth factor and the brain neurotrophic factor) in the blood serum of white rats under the experimental modeling of “social” stress.Materials and methods. The experimental studies were carried out on 90 nonlinear white male rats aged 6 months. By the type of behavior, in the process of “social” stress modeling, all the rats were divided into “aggressors” and “victims”. In the study, the following experimental groups (n=10) were formed: control individuals; groups of the rats exposed to stress for 20 days; groups of the animals treated intraperitoneally at the dose of 100 μg/kg/day, starting from the 1st day of the stress factor exposure, with a course of 20 days of glyproline compounds Thr–Lys–Pro–Arg–Pro–Gly–Pro (Selank), Pro–Gly–Pro and Pro–Gly–Pro–Leu. The effect of the compounds on the level of apoptotic and neurotrophic factors was assessed by determining the level of caspase-3, caspase-8, the tumor necrosis factor, the nerve growth factor and the brain neurotrophic factor of white rat blood serum by enzyme immunoassay.Results. According to the results of the study, it was found out that under the conditions of “social” stress, there was an increase in the apoptotic processes accompanied by an increase in the level of caspase-3, caspase-8, TNF-α in the blood serum of white rats, as well as a decrease in the concentration of neurotrophic factors – BDNF and NGF. The administration of giproline compounds against the background of stress, contributed to the restoration of the studied indicators level, which is most likely due to the presence of antiapoptotic and neuroprotective effects in giprolines due to the inhibition of the caspase-dependent cascade of apoptosis reactions, as well as the induction of the synthesis of neurotrophic factors with the antiapoptotic activity.Conclusion. Thus, the administration of glyproline neuropeptide compounds Thr–Lys–Pro–Arg–Pro–Gly–Pro (Selank), Pro–Gly–Pro and Pro–Gly–Pro–Leu under stress conditions, contributes to the restoration of the initiating and effector caspases level, as well as of neurotrophic factors. As a result of the experiment, an anti-apoptotic effect is observed due to the inhibition of the caspase-dependent cascade of reactions, as well as a stress-protective effect is observed due to the restoration of the brain neurotrophic factors level.

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Neuroplasticity and the Biological Role of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the Pathophysiology and Management of Depression

Cited by 17 publications

References 49 publications

Who Benefits from Fermented Food Consumption? A Comparative Analysis between Psychiatrically Ill and Psychiatrically Healthy Medical Students

Who Benefits from Fermented Food Consumption? A Comparative Analysis between Psychiatrically Ill and Psychiatrically Healthy Medical Students

Anxiolytic and antidepressants’ effect of Crataegus pinnatifida (Shan Zha): biochemical mechanisms

Effect of Glyprolines on the Level of Apoptotic and Neurotrophic Factors Under Conditions of “Social” Stress

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