Neuroplasticity following cochlear implants

Pavani, Francesco; Bottari, Davide

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823493-8.00016-x

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Despite the period of auditory deprivation and cochlear implants conveying only partial input to the brain (Winn & Nelson, 2021;Pavani & Bottari, 2022), our data showed the existence of neural tracking of speech envelope in both CI groups (i.e., CD and AD). Neural tracking was unaffected by the presence or absence of auditory experience in the first year of life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Following a period of profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (profound deafness from here onward), in which sounds cannot reach the auditory system, the cochlear implant (CI) provides the possibility of partial auditory restoration (Winn & Nelson, 2021; Pavani & Bottari, 2022; Gates et al, 1995). The importance of early access to sounds for the development of auditory functions is supported by studies assessing language acquisition and neurophysiological responses in CI individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resilience and vulnerability of neural speech tracking in children with cochlear implants

Federici,

Fantoni,

Pavani

et al. 2024

Preprint

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SUMMARYInfants are born with biologically constrained biases that favor language acquisition. One is the auditory system’s ability to track the envelope of continuous speech. However, to what extent the synchronization between brain activity and this pivotal speech feature relies on postnatal auditory experience remains unknown. To uncover this, we studied individuals with or without access to functional hearing in the first year of life after they received cochlear implants (CIs) for hearing restoration. We measured the neural synchronization with continuous speech envelope in children with congenital bilateral profound deafness (CD; minimum auditory deprivation 11 months) or who acquired profound deafness later in development (AD; minimum auditory experience after birth 12 months), as well as in hearing controls (HC). Speech envelope tracking was unaffected by the absence of auditory experience in the first year of life. At short timescales, neural tracking had a similar magnitude in CI users and HC. However, in CI users, it was substantially delayed, and its timing depended on the age of hearing restoration. Conversely, we observed alterations at longer timescales, possibly accounting for the comprehension deficits observed in children with CI. These findings highlight (i) the resilience of sensory components of speech envelope tracking to the lack of hearing in the first year of life, supporting its strong biological bias, (ii) the crucial role of when functional hearing restoration takes place in mitigating the impact of atypical auditory development, (iii) the vulnerability of higher hierarchical levels of speech- envelope tracking in CI users. Neural tracking of continuous speech could provide biomarkers along the processing hierarchy between sensory and core linguistic operations, even after cochlear implantation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience and vulnerability of neural speech tracking in children with cochlear implants

Federici,

Fantoni,

Pavani

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Multiple variables have been implicated to contribute to this variability, including age of onset, duration, and severity of hearing loss, as well as co-morbidities such as neurodevelopmental delays ( Birman and Sanli, 2020 ; Sharma et al, 2020 ; Shinagawa et al, 2023 ). Recently, the function and plasticity of central auditory pathways have been emphasized as major contributing factors to the variability in speech perception outcomes ( Moberly et al, 2016 ; Glennon et al, 2020 ; Pavani and Bottari, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracranial electrophysiology of spectrally degraded speech in the human cortex

Nourski,

Steinschneider,

Rhone

et al. 2024

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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IntroductionCochlear implants (CIs) are the treatment of choice for severe to profound hearing loss. Variability in CI outcomes remains despite advances in technology and is attributed in part to differences in cortical processing. Studying these differences in CI users is technically challenging. Spectrally degraded stimuli presented to normal-hearing individuals approximate input to the central auditory system in CI users. This study used intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) to investigate cortical processing of spectrally degraded speech.MethodsParticipants were adult neurosurgical epilepsy patients. Stimuli were utterances /aba/ and /ada/, spectrally degraded using a noise vocoder (1–4 bands) or presented without vocoding. The stimuli were presented in a two-alternative forced choice task. Cortical activity was recorded using depth and subdural iEEG electrodes. Electrode coverage included auditory core in posteromedial Heschl’s gyrus (HGPM), superior temporal gyrus (STG), ventral and dorsal auditory-related areas, and prefrontal and sensorimotor cortex. Analysis focused on high gamma (70–150 Hz) power augmentation and alpha (8–14 Hz) suppression.ResultsChance task performance occurred with 1–2 spectral bands and was near-ceiling for clear stimuli. Performance was variable with 3–4 bands, permitting identification of good and poor performers. There was no relationship between task performance and participants demographic, audiometric, neuropsychological, or clinical profiles. Several response patterns were identified based on magnitude and differences between stimulus conditions. HGPM responded strongly to all stimuli. A preference for clear speech emerged within non-core auditory cortex. Good performers typically had strong responses to all stimuli along the dorsal stream, including posterior STG, supramarginal, and precentral gyrus; a minority of sites in STG and supramarginal gyrus had a preference for vocoded stimuli. In poor performers, responses were typically restricted to clear speech. Alpha suppression was more pronounced in good performers. In contrast, poor performers exhibited a greater involvement of posterior middle temporal gyrus when listening to clear speech.DiscussionResponses to noise-vocoded speech provide insights into potential factors underlying CI outcome variability. The results emphasize differences in the balance of neural processing along the dorsal and ventral stream between good and poor performers, identify specific cortical regions that may have diagnostic and prognostic utility, and suggest potential targets for neuromodulation-based CI rehabilitation strategies.

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“…However, the available evidence is sparse and heterogeneous, and a systematic overview of the impact of deafness on social processing is not yet available. One reason is that deaf individuals are not a homogeneous group but may quite differ in terms of sign language use, hearing aids, CIs, onset of deafness and etiology (Fellinger et al, 2012 ; Pavani & Bottari, 2022 ). To shed light on the effects of deafness on social cognition and underlying brain circuits, we report here the first quantitative coordinate‐based meta‐analysis on published neuroimaging studies focusing on social perception in deaf versus hearing participants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social perception in deaf individuals: A meta‐analysis of neuroimaging studies

Arioli,

Segatta,

Papagno

et al. 2023

Human Brain Mapping

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Deaf individuals may report difficulties in social interactions. However, whether these difficulties depend on deafness affecting social brain circuits is controversial. Here, we report the first meta‐analysis comparing brain activations of hearing and (prelingually) deaf individuals during social perception. Our findings showed that deafness does not impact on the functional mechanisms supporting social perception. Indeed, both deaf and hearing control participants recruited regions of the action observation network during performance of different social tasks employing visual stimuli, and including biological motion perception, face identification, action observation, viewing, identification and memory for signs and lip reading. Moreover, we found increased recruitment of the superior‐middle temporal cortex in deaf individuals compared with hearing participants, suggesting a preserved and augmented function during social communication based on signs and lip movements. Overall, our meta‐analysis suggests that social difficulties experienced by deaf individuals are unlikely to be associated with brain alterations but may rather depend on non‐supportive environments.

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Neuroplasticity following cochlear implants

Cited by 4 publications

References 152 publications

Resilience and vulnerability of neural speech tracking in children with cochlear implants

Resilience and vulnerability of neural speech tracking in children with cochlear implants

Intracranial electrophysiology of spectrally degraded speech in the human cortex

Social perception in deaf individuals: A meta‐analysis of neuroimaging studies

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