Neuroprotective Effect and Molecular Mechanism of [6]‐Gingerol against Scopolamine‐Induced Amnesia in C57BL/6 Mice

Kim, Chang-Yul; Seo, Yongtaek; Lee, Chan; Park, Gyu Hwan; Jang, Jung‐Hee

doi:10.1155/2018/8941564

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Similarly, previous studies reported that 6G inhibited apoptosis in response to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury as a possible mechanism to attenuate I/R-induced injury in the heart [8]. Besides that, the neuroprotective effects of 6G have been reported in scopolamine-induced amnesia in C57BL/6 mice [22]. However, to our knowledge, this is the first study to show that 6G exerted neuroprotective effects by suppressing hypoxia-induced apoptosis and autophagy in PC-12 cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

6-Gingerols (6G) reduces hypoxia-induced PC-12 cells apoptosis and autophagy through regulation of miR-103/BNIP3

Kang

Han

Zhang

et al. 2019

Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology

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2019) 6-Gingerols (6G) reduces hypoxia-induced PC-12 cells apoptosis and autophagy through regulation of miR-103/BNIP3, Artificial ABSTRACT Finding novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of cerebral ischemia is urgently required. These experiments explored the potential roles of 6-Gingerols (6G) in hypoxia-stimulated rat PC-12 cells. Cell viability, apoptosis and its related proteins were studied by the approaches of MTT assay, flow cytometry assay and Western blot analysis, respectively. In addition, whether 6G achieved its functions in hypoxia-induced injury through miR-103 was illustrated. Moreover, the associated signalling pathways were investigated. Obviously, hypoxia treatment blocked cell viability and enhanced apoptosis while this trend was ameliorated by 6G. Then we observed that hypoxia administration up-regulated miR-103 expression and 6G could further increase miR-103 expression in hypoxia-stimulated PC-12 cells. Inhibition of miR-103 attenuated the neuroprotective effects of 6G on hypoxia-treated PC-12 cells. Moreover, Bcl2/adenovirus EIB 19kD-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) was a target of miR-103 and BNIP3 upregulation also attenuated the neuroprotective impact of 6G on hypoxia-treated PC-12 cells. Hypoxia activated the p38MAPK and JNK pathways were inactivated by 6G. To sum up, 6G protected hypoxiastimulated PC-12 cells through miR-103-mediatated down-regulation of BNIP3 by inhibiting p38 MAPK and JNK pathways. HIGHLIGHTS 1. 6-Gingerols (6G) is a promising agent for cerebral ischemia therapy. 2. The neuroprotective effects of 6G are mediated by miR-103 and BNIP3. 3. Up-regulation of miR-103 exerts neuroprotective effects. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

6-Gingerols (6G) reduces hypoxia-induced PC-12 cells apoptosis and autophagy through regulation of miR-103/BNIP3

Kang

Han

Zhang

et al. 2019

Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology

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“…These changes can be seen in different regions of the brain in diabetes, namely, the frontal cortex, dentate gyrus, and cerebellum. The neuroprotective properties of ginger were confirmed by a previous study [96]. It was found that the oral administration of ginger extract to mice with SCO-induced memory loss upregulated the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is essential to neuronal maintenance and survival, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive processes.…”

Section: Ginger As An Antioxidant Involved In Delaying Ageingmentioning

confidence: 55%

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) in the Prevention of Ageing and Degenerative Diseases: Review of Current Evidence

Sahardi

Makpol

2019

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Currently, the age of the population is increasing as a result of increased life expectancy. Ageing is defined as the progressive loss of physiological integrity, which can be characterized by functional impairment and high vulnerability to various types of diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and atherosclerosis. Numerous studies have reported that the presence of oxidative stress and inflammation contributes to the development of these diseases. In general, oxidative stress could induce proinflammatory cytokines and reduce cellular antioxidant capacity. Increased oxidative stress levels beyond the production of antioxidant agents cause oxidative damage to biological molecules, including DNA, protein, and carbohydrates, which affects normal cell signalling, cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis and leads to disease pathogenesis. Since oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to these diseases, ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is one of the potential herbs that can be used to reduce the level of oxidative stress and inflammation. Ginger consists of two major active components, 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol, which are essential for preventing oxidative stress and inflammation. Thus, this paper will review the effects of ginger on ageing and degenerative diseases, including AD, PD, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and osteoarthritis.

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“…Normal animals will prefer to explore a different arm of the maze than the one they visited on their previous entry. This test is mostly used to assess hippocampal-dependent working memory [34]. Therefore, an animal with a memory deficit cannot recall which arm of the maze it has just visited and consequently will exhibit a lower percentage of alternation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticholinesterase and Antioxidant Potential of Hydromethanolic Extract ofZiziphus mucronata(Rhamnaceae) Leaves on Scopolamine-Induced Memory and Cognitive Dysfunctions in Mice

Foyet

Wado

Abaïssou

et al. 2019

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Ziziphus mucronata Willd, also known as “buffalo thorn,” belongs to the family Rhamnaceae. Its bark and leaves are used in folk medicine for the treatment of various deficiencies related to nociception, inflammation, mood, and depression. Still, there is a lack of scientific data regarding its potential effect on learning and memory process. The present study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective potential of Ziziphus mucronata (ZM) on learning and memory impairment in a scopolamine-induced model of dementia in mice. The phytochemical analysis revealed five cyclopeptide alkaloids (sanjoinines) in the extract from Ziziphus Mucronata leaves using LC-HRMS, and the structural characterization of these compounds was determined via MS/MS. Alzheimer-type amnesia was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine (1 mg/kg) to mice for 7 consecutive days. ZM (150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 600 mg/kg) and piracetam (150 mg/kg) were orally administrated to mice daily for a period of 14 days. Memory-related behavioural parameters were evaluated using the radial arm maze task for 7 days, Y-maze, and novel object recognition task. At the end of protocol schedule, animals were sacrificed, and the levels of acetylcholinesterase, malondialdehyde, catalase, and superoxide dismutase were determined in brain homogenates. Histological studies of the hippocampus were subsequently performed. The long-term scopolamine-injected group decreased the spontaneous alternation (Y-maze), the discrimination index, and the time taken to explore the new object (novel object recognition task). These effects were significantly reversed by ZM at all the doses tested. In the radial arm maze task, ZM (300 and 600 mg/kg) significantly decreased the working and reference memory errors when compared with the demented group. Scopolamine-mediated changes in AChE activity were also attenuated by ZM in mice. In addition, extract-treated groups showed a significant increase in the level of CAT and SOD activity and decreased levels of MDA in the mice brains, as compared with the control group. The present study suggests that ZM could have an important role in neuroprotection on this scopolamine-induced model of Alzheimer-type dementia.

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Neuroprotective Effect and Molecular Mechanism of [6]‐Gingerol against Scopolamine‐Induced Amnesia in C57BL/6 Mice

Cited by 31 publications

References 34 publications

6-Gingerols (6G) reduces hypoxia-induced PC-12 cells apoptosis and autophagy through regulation of miR-103/BNIP3

6-Gingerols (6G) reduces hypoxia-induced PC-12 cells apoptosis and autophagy through regulation of miR-103/BNIP3

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) in the Prevention of Ageing and Degenerative Diseases: Review of Current Evidence

Anticholinesterase and Antioxidant Potential of Hydromethanolic Extract ofZiziphus mucronata(Rhamnaceae) Leaves on Scopolamine-Induced Memory and Cognitive Dysfunctions in Mice

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