Neuroprotective effect of ginkgolide K against acute ischemic stroke on middle cerebral ischemia occlusion in rats

Abstract

Ginkgolide K, a natural platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist, was isolated from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba. However, little is known about its neuroprotective effect in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced cerebral injury. Hence, the present study was carried out to investigate the effect of ginkgolide K on neuroprotection and the potential mechanisms in the rat I/R model induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The rats were pretreated with ginkgolide K 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg (i.v.) once a day for 5 days before MCAO. Neurological deficit score (NDS), brain water content, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and pathology of brain tissue, as well as indexes of oxidative stress [superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)] were measured at 24 h after ischemia. The results indicated that pretreatment with ginkgolide K significantly diminished the volume of infarction and brain water content, and improved NDS. Moreover, ginkgolide K markedly reversed the level of MDA, NO, NOS and SOD to their normal state in serum or cerebral ischemic section. In addition, hematoxylin and eosin staining showed the neuronal injury was significantly improved after being pretreated with ginkgolide K. These findings demonstrate that ginkgolide K exhibits neuroprotective properties through its antioxidative action in MCAO rats.

Integrated pharmacokinetics of major bioactive components in MCAO rats after oral administration of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang

“…The data were calculated using Eqs. (1)- (5), where E (%) represents the pharmacodynamics effect, while C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 and C 5 represent the plasma concentration of the five physiological indices (C 1 : SOD; C 2 : MDA; C 3 : Glu; C 4 : IL-6; C 5 : TNF-␣) (Ma et al, 2011). The mean efficacy-time profiles after oral administration of HLJDT aqueous extract were measured.…”

The protective effects of hydrogen on HO-1 expression in the brainafter focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion in rats

“…On the basis of this fact, antioxidative agents have been shown to be neuroprotective. Previous studies demonstrated that strategies used to reduce oxidative neuronal injury should have beneficial effects in improving the outcomes of ischemic stroke (13,14). HO-1 is a phase II defense enzyme that possesses a potent antioxidative ability.…”

The Effect of Ginkgo biloba on Functional Outcome of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial

“…18,19,[33][34][35] G biloba extract is believed to lessen oxidative stress through various molecular mechanisms including superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and nitric oxide synthase in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion models in rats. 36 In a different study, Liu et al 37 assessed the anti-inflammatory effects of G biloba on ischemia-reperfusion brain tissue in rats. They found that the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was enhanced by the administration of G biloba extract.…”