“…Berberine was able to promote cognitive functions [38,40], through enhancing cholinergic neurotransmission [30,33,36,41]. In addition, berberine alleviated diabetes-associated cognitive impairment [44,45,48,49,[51][52][53][54][55], possibly via the restoration of insulin signaling [50,51] and reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation [43,46,47] in the brain. Although bioavailability of berberine is relatively low, it crosses the blood brain barrier and stably distributes in the brain tissue, compared to other organs [162], suggesting that berberine could prevent dementia through direct actions in the brain.…”