Neuroprotective Effects of Citrus Flavonoids

Hwang, Sam-Long; Shih, Ping‐Hsiao; Yen, Gow‐Chin

doi:10.1021/jf204452y

Cited by 281 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…40 Flavonoids in addition possess multifaceted beneficial bioactive qualities for health, such as antiallergic, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities, lowering blood pressure and plasma lipids and conferring cardioprotective and neuroprotective activities. 41 HPLC is a versatile, robust, and widely used technique used in phytochemical and analytical chemistry for quantification, identification and purification of the mixture components. 42 Moreover this technique is also useful for characterization and quantification of secondary metabolites in plant extract.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality Control standardization of Wild Himalayan Pear: Pyrus pashia

Hemalatha¹,

Sharma²,

Prasad³

2016

Phcogj

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Introduction: To establish the pharmacognostical and phytochemical standardization parameters of Pyrus pashia fruits in order to ensure quality and safety of this traditionally acclaimed medicinal tree. Methods: The fresh fruits of P. pashia were collected and dried. Fruit was subjected to various pharmacognostical investigations, Extraction procedures, and preliminary phytochemical screening, according to WHO guidelines. Ethanolic extract was standardized to total phenolic and flavonoid content, followed by phyto chemical quantification of P. pashia extract using lupeol as a chemical marker by HPLC method. Results: In the present study, microscopy of the fruit showed typical characteristics of berry, having thick fleshy pericarp differentiated into thin epicarp and thick mesocarp having wide radiating carpel chambers with one or two seeds attached in axile placentum. Further, physicochemical evaluation was done like, loss on drying, total ash value, acid insoluble ash value, water soluble ash value, fluorescence analysis etc. Heavy metal and pesticide residue analysis was also performed. Furthermore, ethanolic extract of Pyrus pashia (EPP) obtained from cold maceration and phytochemical screening of different fractions obtained by

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality Control standardization of Wild Himalayan Pear: Pyrus pashia

Hemalatha¹,

Sharma²,

Prasad³

2016

Phcogj

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“…Hesperetin (49-methoxy-39,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone) is a main and widespread citrus flavonoid that shows versatile health benefits, such as chemopreventive, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects (Manthey et al, 2001;Benavente-García and Castillo, 2008;Hwang and Yen, 2008;Hwang et al, 2012). The beneficial effects of hesperetin on health are mainly attributed to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and signaling properties (Hwang et al, 2012;Roohbakhsh et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The beneficial effects of hesperetin on health are mainly attributed to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and signaling properties (Hwang et al, 2012;Roohbakhsh et al, 2015). Although showing favorable membrane permeability, hesperetin is concerned with limited oral bioavailability (Kanaze et al, 2007;Kobayashi et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4) Controls Efflux Transport of Hesperetin Sulfates in Sulfotransferase 1A3–Overexpressing Human Embryonic Kidney 293 Cells

et al. 2015

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Sulfonation is an important metabolic pathway for hesperetin. However, the mechanisms for the cellular disposition of hesperetin and its sulfate metabolites are not fully established. In this study, disposition of hesperetin via the sulfonation pathway was investigated using human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells overexpressing sulfotransferase 1A3. Two monosulfates, hesperetin-39-O-sulfate (H-39-S) and hesperetin-7-O-sulfate (H-7-S), were rapidly generated and excreted into the extracellular compartment upon incubation of the cells with hesperetin. Regiospecific sulfonation of hesperetin by the cell lysate followed the substrate inhibition kinetics (V max = 0.66 nmol/min per mg, K m = 12.9 mM, and K si = 58.1 mM for H-39-S; V max = 0.29 nmol/min per mg, K m = 14.8 mM, and K si = 49.1 mM for H-7-S). The pan-multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) inhibitor MK-571 at 20 mM essentially abolished cellular excretion of both H-39-S and H-7-S (the excretion activities were only 6% of the control), whereas the breast cancer resistance protein-selective inhibitor Ko143 had no effects on sulfate excretion. In addition, knockdown of MRP4 led to a substantial reduction (>47.1%; P < 0.01) in sulfate excretion. Further, H-39-S and H-7-S were good substrates for transport by MRP4 according to the vesicular transport assay. Moreover, sulfonation of hesperetin and excretion of its metabolites were well characterized by a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model that integrated drug uptake and sulfonation with MRP4-mediated sulfate excretion. In conclusion, the exporter MRP4 controlled efflux transport of hesperetin sulfates in HEK293 cells. Due to significant expression in various organs/tissues (including the liver and kidney), MRP4 should be a determining factor for the elimination and body distribution of hesperetin sulfates.

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“…Citrus plants are the most important fruit tree crop in the world, with an annual production of approximately 1.02 hundred million tons (Hwang et al 2012). While the fruit was described to have antioxidant activity and its flavonoids were described to have anticancer effect (Miyake et al 1997;Ogata et al 2000), leaves are major pruning waste that may be reused (Torres et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chloroform fraction ofCitrus limonleaves inhibits human gastric cancer cell proliferation via induction of apoptosis

Osman

Moon

Hyun

et al. 2016

JABC

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Little information about the biological activities of Citrus limon (lemon) leaves has been reported, whereas the fruit of Citrus limon (lemon) has been well-documented to contain various pro-health bio-functional compounds. In the present study, the antiproliferative activities of the lemon leaves were evaluated using several cancer cell lines. From the n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water fractions of methanolic extract of the leaves, the chloroform fraction of lemon leaves (CFLL) showed the most potent antiproliferative activity in the AGS human gastric cancer cells. The current study demonstrates that CFLL induces apoptosis in AGS cells, as evidenced by an increase in apoptotic bodies, cell population in the sub-G1 phase, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), caspase-3 and caspase-9. Compositional analysis of the CFLL using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) resulted in the identification of 27 compounds including trans, trans-farnesol (3.19 %), farnesol (3.26 %), vanillic acid (1.45 %), (−)-loliolide (5.24 %) and palmitic acid (6.96 %). Understanding the modes of action of these compounds individually and/or synergistically would provide useful information about their applications in cancer prevention and therapy.

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Neuroprotective Effects of Citrus Flavonoids

Cited by 281 publications

References 110 publications

Quality Control standardization of Wild Himalayan Pear: Pyrus pashia

Quality Control standardization of Wild Himalayan Pear: Pyrus pashia

Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4) Controls Efflux Transport of Hesperetin Sulfates in Sulfotransferase 1A3–Overexpressing Human Embryonic Kidney 293 Cells

The chloroform fraction ofCitrus limonleaves inhibits human gastric cancer cell proliferation via induction of apoptosis

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