Neuroprotective Effects of Collagen-Glycosaminoglycan Matrix Implantation following Surgical Brain Injury

Abstract

Background. Neurological deficits following neurosurgical procedures are inevitable; however, there are still no effective clinical treatments. Earlier reports revealed that collagen-glycosaminoglycan (CG) matrix implantation promotes angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and functional recovery following surgical brain injury (SBI). The present study was conducted to further examine the potential neuroprotective effects of collagen-glycosaminoglycan (CG) matrix implantation following neurosurgery. Methods. CG implantation was performed in the lesion cavity created by surgical trauma. The Sprague-Dawley rat model of SBI was used as established in the previous study by the author. The rats were divided into three groups as follows: (1) sham (SHAM), (2) surgery-induced lesion cavity (L), and (3) CG matrix implantation following surgery-induced lesion cavity (L+CG). Proinflammatory (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells)) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF)) cytokine expression was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Microglial activation was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and the neuroprotective effect of CG matrix implantation was evaluated by an immunohistochemical study of microglia ED-1 and IBA-1 (activated microglia) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and by the analysis of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, NF-κB, and GMCSF cytokine levels. Apoptosis was also assessed using a TUNEL assay. Results. The results showed that CG matrix implantation following surgically induced lesions significantly decreased the density of ED-1, IBA-1, and MPO (activated microglia). The tissue concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and NF-κB was significantly decreased. Conversely, the anti-inflammatory cytokines GMCSF and IL-10 were significantly increased. Conclusions. Implantation of the CG matrix following SBI has neuroprotective effects, including the suppression of microglial activation and the production of inflammatory-related cytokines.

Carbohydrate based biomaterials for neural interface applications

“…264 Collagen-GAG matrices even without the embedded NSCs were shown to have neuroprotective effects via the upregulation of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and GM-CSF and downregulation of pro-inflammatory NF-kB, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 after surgical brain injury. 265 These results strongly support the regenerative and neuroprotective role that CS-based biomaterials, especially hydrogels, can play in neural tissue repair after injury.…”

“…For methods relying on analyzing free glycans, they must first be enzymatically or chemically released from the conjugate structure and successfully retrieved. For samples with low glycan abundance, the glycan concentration [262][263][264][265]268,294 CS-coating for neurite growth promotion 184 Hyaluronic acid (HA) HA-based hydrogels 88,268 Polycaprolactone-HA-based electrospun scaffolds 269,270 Heparan sulfate (HS) HS-based porous scaffold 272 HS-mimic based hydrogels 274,275…”

Effects of Collagen Hydrolysates on Human Brain Structure and Cognitive Function: A Pilot Clinical Study

“…Several studies have investigated the effects of CH on the brain. It has been reported that the ingestion of CH may help recovery from brain injury by promoting angiogenesis [22], and that CH exerts neuroprotective action by suppressing inflammatory effects [23]. A study of aged mice reported that marine CH promoted learning and memory [24].…”

518 New In Vitro Model of Traumatic Brain Injury to Assess Biomaterial Based Regenerative Strategies

“…Collagen, a key component of the host CNS ECM has been widely used to manufacture hydrogels (92,107,(123)(124)(125). Firstly, collagen is relatively cheap and widely available.…”

“…Furthermore, studies have demonstrated acellular collagen matrices promote both angiogenesis and neurogenesis post-surgical brain injury (126). Furthermore, Chen et al (2019), demonstrated that a collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrix hydrogel implanted into surgical brain injury rat models was neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory (124). Specifically, implantation of the biomaterial significantly reduced the density of activated microglia as well as a significant decrease in the tissue concentration of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF alpha.…”