Neuroprotective Effects of l-Carnitine and Vitamin E Alone or in Combination Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats

Önem, Gökhan; Aral, Erinc; Enli, Yaşar; Oğuz, E.; Çoşkun, Erdal; Aybek, Hülya; Özcan, Ali; Saçar, Mustafa; Bir, Levent Sinan; Baltalarlı, Ahmet; Bayçu, Cengiz

doi:10.1016/j.jss.2005.12.017

Cited by 44 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Gulcin (2006) investigated the antioxidant activity of L-carnitine in vitro and found that L-carnitine was effective in scavenging superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, and in metal chelating on ferrous ions. L-carnitine can also help to prevent and reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury (Onem et al 2006;Akin et al 2007). However, studies related to the anti-oxidation capability in healthy human subjects have been scarce.…”

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confidence: 99%

Single Dose Administration of L-Carnitine Improves Antioxidant Activities in Healthy Subjects

Cao

et al. 2011

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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L-carnitine has been used as a supplement to treat cardiovascular or liver disease. However, there has been little information about the effect of L-carnitine on anti-oxidation capability in healthy human subjects. This study was designed to investigate the correlation between plasma L-carnitine concentration and antioxidant activity. Liquid L-carnitine (2.0 g) was administered orally as a single dose in 12 healthy subjects. Plasma concentration of L-carnitine was detected by HPLC. The baseline concentration of L-carnitine was 39.14 ± 5.65 μmol/L. After single oral administration, the maximum plasma concentration (C max ) and area under the curve (AUC 0-∞ ) were 84.7 ± 25.2 μmol/L and 2,676.4 ± 708.3 μmol/L·h, respectively. The half-life and the time required to reach the C max was 60.3 ± 15.0 min and 3.4 ± 0.46 h, respectively. There was a gradual increase in plasma concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase and total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) in the first 3.5 h following L-carnitine administration. The plasma concentrations of SOD, GSH-Px, catalase and T-AOC returned to baseline levels within 24 h. A positive correlation was found between L-carnitine concentration and the antioxidant index of SOD (r = 0.992, P < 0.01), GSH-Px (r = 0.932, P < 0.01), catalase (r = 0.972, P < 0.01) or T-AOC (r = 0.934, P < 0.01). In conclusion, L-carnitine increases activities of antioxidant enzymes and the total antioxidant capacity in healthy subjects. It may be useful as a supplementary therapy for chronic illnesses involving excessive oxidative stress.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Dose Administration of L-Carnitine Improves Antioxidant Activities in Healthy Subjects

Cao

et al. 2011

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…Previous studies related to neurodegeneration demonstrated mostly short term memory assessment [16][17][18]. This study demonstrated short term memory, long term memory and also re-learning assessment by analyzing escape latency time, distance travelled to reach escape platform and time spent in target zone on MWM tasks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Improved spatial learning and memory performance following Tualang honey treatment during cerebral hypoperfusion-induced neurodegeneration

Saxena¹,

Phyu²,

Al-Ani³

et al. 2016

J Transl Sci

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Honey has shown potential therapeutic properties in traditional medicine. This study investigated the cognition enhancing potential of Tualang honey in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced neurodegeneration by permanent bilateral common carotid arteries ligation (2 vessels occlusion-2VO) in rats. Previous studies have shown that rats subjected to 2VO (2 vessel occlusion) experienced cognitive deficits, oxidative stress and neuronal injury in the hippocampus of the brain. We studied the effect of Tualang honey on learning and memory using the Morris water maze (MWM) in rats. Rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=10); Sham control, untreated 2VO (2VO), honey treated 2VO (2VO+H) and honey treated group (H). Each group was again divided into two subgroups (n=5): one for long term memory assessment and another for short term memory and relearning tasks. After 10 weeks of treatment, all rat groups were tested for cognitive assessment by MWM (Morris water maze). 2VO+H rats had better spatial learning and memory performance than untreated 2VO rats in MWM tasks (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between Sham rats and H group rats (p>0.05). This study shows that Malaysian Tualang honey might have therapeutic potential for the treatment of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) in which cognitive impairment is profound.

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“…Bas et al 29 observed that induction of ischemia for 45 min by occlusion of both carotid arteries followed by 30 min of reperfusion caused an accumulation of oxidation products, among them MDA and nitric oxide (No), as well as induction of apoptosis in the hippocampal formation of rats. some studies 28,29 have demonstrated significant increases in MDA levels in experiments with ischemia followed by different periods of reperfusion, with lipid peroxidation being highly influenced during the period of reperfusion 28 . serteser et al 30 , in a study on rats submitted to 60 min of ischemia by MCA occlusion, observed changes in lipid peroxidation, with significantly higher MDA values in the ipsilateral cortex compared to the contralateral one.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To assess the level of oxidative stress, onem et al 28 estimated the levels of MDA, one of the most sensitive indicators of lipid peroxidation, and observed an increase in its levels after 15 min of ischemia followed by 15 min of reperfusion. Damage to membrane permeability due to lipid peroxidation can cause a reduction of the enzymatic activity of Na + K + ATPase in the membrane, of the release of lysosomal proteolytic enzymes and of the mitochondrial matrix in the cytoplasm, initiating intracellular proteolysis and cell destruction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical evaluation of focal non-reperfusion cerebral ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats

Colli

Tirapelli

Carlotti

et al. 2008

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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-Cerebral ischemia is an important event in clinical and surgical neurological practice since it is one of the diseases that most compromise the human species. In the present study 40 adult rats were submitted to periods of focal ischemia of 30, 60 and 90 min without reperfusion and animals submitted to a sham procedure were used as controls. We analyzed the levels of ATP, malondialdehyde and caspase-3. No significant differences in the biochemical measurements were observed between the right and left brain hemispheres of the same animal in each experimental group. Reduced ATP levels were observed after the three periods of ischemia compared to the sham group. No significant increase in malondialdehyde or caspase-3 levels was observed. Despite significant changes in ATP levels, the results indicated cell viability in the ischemic region as shown by the low rates of lipid peroxidation and apoptosis, findings probably related to the lack of reperfusion.Key WoRDs: cerebral ischemia, ATP, malondialdehyde, apoptosis.avaliação bioquímica da isquemia cerebral focal, não associada à reperfusão, por oclusão da artéria cerebral média em ratos Resumo -Isquemia cerebral é um acontecimento importante na prática neurológica clínica e cirúrgica, uma vez que é uma das doenças que mais comprometem a espécie humana. No presente estudo 40 ratos adultos foram submetidos a períodos de isquemia focal de 30, 60 e 90 min e como controle foram utilizados animais do grupo sham. Foram analisados os níveis de ATP, malondialdeído e caspase-3. Nenhuma diferença significativa nas dosagens bioquímicas foram observadas entre os hemisférios cerebrais direito e esquerdo do mesmo animal em cada grupo experimental. Foi observada redução nos níveis de ATP após os três períodos de isquemia, em comparação com o grupo sham. Nenhum aumento significativo dos níveis de malondialdeído ou caspase-3 foi observado. Apesar das alterações significativas nos níveis ATP, os resultados indicaram viabilidade celular na região isquêmica como demonstrado pela baixa taxa de peroxidação lipídica e apoptose, achados que provavelmente estão relacionados com a falta de reperfusão.PAlAvRAs-ChAve: isquemia cerebral, ATP, malondialdeído, apoptose.

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Neuroprotective Effects of l-Carnitine and Vitamin E Alone or in Combination Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats

Cited by 44 publications

References 30 publications

Single Dose Administration of L-Carnitine Improves Antioxidant Activities in Healthy Subjects

Single Dose Administration of L-Carnitine Improves Antioxidant Activities in Healthy Subjects

Improved spatial learning and memory performance following Tualang honey treatment during cerebral hypoperfusion-induced neurodegeneration

Biochemical evaluation of focal non-reperfusion cerebral ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats

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