Neuroprotective effects of VEGF administration after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion: Dose response and time window

Expression analysis following argon treatment in an in vivo model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats

“…NGF, which was also induced by argon treatment in our study, has been shown to exert neuroprotective properties partly via an antiapoptotic mechanism [ 31 ]. VEGFα plays a role in regulation of cerebral blood flow and angiogenesis and thereby is proposed to act as a neuroprotectant [ 32 ]. The fact that these neuroprotective factors were increased following argon therapy might contribute to its beneficial effects [ 10 ].…”

Effect of Combination Therapy with Neuroprotective and Vasoprotective Agents on Cerebral Ischemia

“…The time point (8 hours post MCAO) was greater than the existing therapeutic time window for monotherapy with VEGF or NGF alone, which was, respectively, limited within 3 or 5 hours after focal cerebral ischemia. 39,40 Thus, we concluded that the therapeutic time window for the administration of the combined therapy of NGF and VEGF in the rabbit focal cerebral ischemia model should be longer than that for monotherapy with NGF or VEGF alone. This finding implies that the combination therapy of NGF and VEGF might be of clinical value for the treatment of stroke.…”

“…In our previous study, we found that monotherapy with VEGF and NGF provided significant neuroprotection in the therapeutic time window, which was, respectively, limited within 3 and 5 hours after focal cerebral ischemia. 39,40 The major objective of this study was to investigate the effect and therapeutic time window of combination therapy with VEGF and NGF after controlled ischemic brain injury in rabbits.…”

Effect of intracortical vascular endothelial growth factor infusion and blockade during the critical period in the rat visual cortex

“…A previous study suggested that damage to neurons precedes leakage of the blood-brain barrier (Albayrak et al, 1997), hence, the neuroprotective effects of VEGF could contribute to a lower injury of the neural tissue that would lead to a better preservation of BBB integrity. On other hand, as some authors have reported, the balance between beneficious and deleterious effects of VEGF in brain diseases is highly dependent on the dose, the time window and the way of administration (Herz et al, 2012;Yang et al, 2012). Whereas systemic administration showed detrimental effects including increased permeability of the BBB, local administration reduced or unchanged edema and protein extravasation (Hermann and Zechariah, 2009).…”