Neuroprotective effects of Withania somnifera in BPA induced-cognitive dysfunction and oxidative stress in mice

Abstract

Background Bisphenol A (BPA), a major endocrine disruptor and a xenobiotic compound is used abundantly in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Human exposure to this compound is primarily via its leaching from the protective internal epoxy resin coatings of containers into the food and beverages. In addition, the plastics used in dental prostheses and sealants also contain considerable amount of BPA and have a high risk of human exposure. Since it is a well-known endocrine disruptor and closely mimics the molecular structure of human estrogen thereby impairing learning and memory. Withania somnifera (Ws), commonly known as Ashwagandha is known for its varied therapeutic uses in Ayurvedic system of medicine. The present study was undertaken to demonstrate the impairment induced by BPA on the spatial learning, working memory and its alleviation by Ws in Swiss albino mice. The study was conducted on thirty Swiss albino mice, randomly distributed among three groups: control, BPA and BPA + Ws. The behavioral recovery after treatment with Ws was investigated using the Y-maize and Morris water maize test. Whereas, for the estimation of recovery of NMDA receptor which is related to learning and memory in hippocampus region by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the oxidative stress and antioxidant level was assessed by biochemical tests like MDA, SOD and catalase. Results The study revealed that administration of Ws alleviated the behavioral deficits induced by BPA. Alongside, Ws treatment reinstated the number of NMDA receptors in hippocampus region and showed anti-oxidative property while ameliorating the endogenous anti-oxidant level in the brain. Conclusion These findings suggest that Ws significantly ameliorates the level of BPA intoxicated oxidative stress thereby potentially treating cognitive dysfunction which acts as the primary symptom in a number of neurodegenerative diseases.

Activation of Nrf2 signaling by sitagliptin and quercetin combination against β‐amyloid induced Alzheimer's disease in rats

“…In neurodegenerative disease, brain is especially vulnerable to oxidative damage, due to the imbalance between the generation of oxygen free radicals and antioxidant defense system (Birla et al, ; Gupta et al, ; Y. Singh et al, ). In this study, MDA level was elevated while a decrease in SOD, CAT and GSH level was observed in Aβ‐infused group which indicated oxidative damage in the brain.…”

“…In neurodegenerative disease, brain is especially vulnerable to oxidative damage, due to the imbalance between the generation of oxygen free radicals and antioxidant defense system (Birla et al, 2019;Gupta et al, 2012;Y. Singh et al, 2017).…”

Efficacy and Tolerability of Ashwagandha Root Extract in the Elderly for Improvement of General Well-being and Sleep: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study

“…Ashwagandha supplementation could be an effective alternative that can counter aging issues including sleep quality and mental alertness improvement. Earlier evidence suggests that Ashwagandha impacts positively on overall well-being including an antioxidant effect which is essential in age-related problems [23].…”

Unraveling the neuroprotective effect of Tinospora cordifolia in Parkinsonian mouse model through proteomics Approach.

“…Scientists have been working on natural alternatives which provide e cient neuroprotection, subsequent impending basic pathological conditions [11]. The literature study revealed that several medicinal plants including Mucuna pruriens, Bacopa monnieri, Withania somnifera, Tinospora cordifolia (Tc) and their active constituents have neuroprotective effects against neuronal cell death in PD [12][13][14][15][16].…”