Neuroprotective phenylpropanoid esters of rhamnose isolated from roots of Scrophularia buergeriana

Kim, So Ra; Kim, Young Choong

doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00110-2

Cited by 94 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…HCAs and their derivatives have a broad spectrum of biological activities including antitumoral [42][43][44][45], antimicrobial [46], antioxidant [47][48][49][50][51][52] and neuroprotective effects [53][54][55].…”

Section: Coo Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Properties of Hydroxycinnamic Acids: A Review of Structure- Activity Relationships

Razzaghi‐Asl¹,

Garrido²,

Khazraei³

et al. 2013

CMC

172

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Hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) are important phytochemicals possessing significant biological properties. Several investigators have studied in vitro antioxidant activity of HCAs in detail. In this review, we have gathered the studies focused on the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of these compounds that have used medicinal chemistry to generate more potent antioxidant molecules. Most of the reports indicated that the presence of an unsaturated bond on the side chain of HCAs is vital to their activity. The structural features that were reported to be of importance to the antioxi-dant activity were categorized as follows: modifications of the aromatic ring, which include alterations in the number and position of hydroxy groups and insertion of electron donating or withdrawing moieties as well as modifications of the car-boxylic function that include esterification and amidation process. Furthermore, reports that have addressed the influence of physicochemical properties including redox potential, lipid solubility and dissociation constant on the antioxidant activ-ity were also summarized. Finally, the pro-oxidant effect of HCAs in some test systems was addressed. Most of the investigations concluded that the presence of ortho-dihydroxy phenyl group (catechol moiety) is of significant importance to the antioxidant activity, while, the presence of three hydroxy groups does not necessarily improve the activity. Optimiza-tion of the structure of molecular leads is an important task of modern medicinal chemistry and its accomplishment relies on the careful assessment of SARs. SAR studies on HCAs can identify the most successful antioxidants that could be use-ful for management of oxidative stress-related diseases.Keywords: Antioxidant, hydroxycinnamic acids, in vitro, ROS, structure-activity relationships. OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ANTIOXIDANTSReactive oxygen species (ROS) are oxygen derived molecules that readily react with other compounds and macromolecules and oxidize them. Some representative exam-ples of these species include superoxide (O2•-), hydroxy (HO • ) and peroxy (ROO • ) radicals, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and singletROS are involved in important physiological processes such as immune response, gene expression, signal transduc-tion and growth regulation [5,6]; however if they are not kept under tight control by physiological antioxidant systems they will be able to oxidize and damage various biological molecules leading to a condition called oxidative stress [1,7,8]. In this regard, oxidative stress has been reported to be in-volved in the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancer [9], neurodegenerative diseases [10], stroke [11], and others [12,13].Since an important source of ROS comes from environment [14], with the industrial development and the change in life style, oxidative stress related diseases need a special attention [15].Antioxidants operate by preventing or slowing the progression of oxidative damage reactions [16,17]. An antioxidant has been defined as "any substance that delays, p...

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Section: Coo Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Properties of Hydroxycinnamic Acids: A Review of Structure- Activity Relationships

Razzaghi‐Asl¹,

Garrido²,

Khazraei³

et al. 2013

CMC

172

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“…DC is an ester derivative of caffeic acid, a simple phenylpropanoid that possesses a wide variety of biological activities: it has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties [18] and is neuroprotective against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity [19]. Ester derivatives of caffeic acid also exhibit various biological activities [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory Activity of 1-docosanoyl Cafferate Isolated fromRhus vernicifluain LPS-stimulated BV2 Microglial Cells

Lee

Cheong

Kim

et al. 2011

Korean J Physiol Pharmacol

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“…These compounds have been reported to have either neuroprotective or anti-oxidative effects (Kim and Kim, 2000;Piao et al, 2004;Xia et al, 2005;Jung et al, 2009;Mu et al, 2009;Yu et al, 2009). However, not all natural compounds having neuroprotective or anti-oxidative effects showed increased BDNF release.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Increase of BDNF Release from Rat Primary Cortical Neuron by Combination of Several Medicinal Plant-Derived Compounds

Jeon¹,

Bak²,

Seo³

et al. 2010

Biomolecules and Therapeutics

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-Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophic factor involved in neuronal differentiation, plasticity, survival and regeneration. BDNF draws massive attention mainly due to the potential as a therapeutic target in neurological diseases such as depression and Alzheimer's disease. In a primary screening for the natural compounds enhancing BDNF release from cultured rat primary cortical neuron, we found that compounds such as baicalein, tanshinone IIa, cinnamic acid, epiberberine, genistein and wogonin among many others increased BDNF release. All the compounds at 0.1 μM of concentration barely showed stimulatory effect on BDNF induction, however, their combination (mixture 1; baicalein, tanshinone IIa and cinnamic acid, mixture 2; epiberberine, genistein and wogonin) showed synergistic increase in BDNF release as well as mRNA and protein expression. The level of BDNF expression was comparable to the maximum BDNF stimulation attainable by a positive control oroxylin A (20 μM) without cell toxicity as determined by MTT analysis. Both mixtures synergistically increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) as well as cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), an immediate and essential regulator of BDNF expression. Similar to these results, mixture of these compounds synergistically inhibited the up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induced by lipopolysaccharide treatments in rat primary astrocytes. These results suggest that the combinatorial treatment of natural compounds in lower concentration might be a useful strategy to obtain sufficient BDNF stimulation in neurological disease condition such as depression, while minimizing potential side effects and toxicity of higher concentration of a single compound.

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Neuroprotective phenylpropanoid esters of rhamnose isolated from roots of Scrophularia buergeriana

Cited by 94 publications

References 20 publications

Antioxidant Properties of Hydroxycinnamic Acids: A Review of Structure- Activity Relationships

Antioxidant Properties of Hydroxycinnamic Acids: A Review of Structure- Activity Relationships

Anti-inflammatory Activity of 1-docosanoyl Cafferate Isolated fromRhus vernicifluain LPS-stimulated BV2 Microglial Cells

Synergistic Increase of BDNF Release from Rat Primary Cortical Neuron by Combination of Several Medicinal Plant-Derived Compounds

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