Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events from Topical Ophthalmic Timolol

Cimolai, Nevio

doi:10.3121/cmr.2019.1486

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Thereby, we would cause less injury in glaucomatous rats, incompletely defined, since contralateral retinas in unilateral models of retinal injury show neuronal degeneration and glial activation as well [ 49 ]. Probably not only in theory, BPC 157 therapy in the form of eye drops, intraperitoneal or per-oral, in drinking water, prophylactic as well as curative, would complement the regular anti-glaucoma therapy options, as well as laser trabeculoplasty, and thereby avoid their possible complications and adverse effects [ 50 , 51 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy of Rat Glaucoma

et al. 2021

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Cauterization of three episcleral veins (open-angle glaucoma model) induces venous congestion and increases intraocular pressure in rats. If not upgraded, one episcleral vein is regularly unable to acquire and take over the whole function, and glaucoma-like features persist. Recently, the rapid upgrading of the collateral pathways by a stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 has cured many severe syndromes induced by permanent occlusion of major vessels, veins and/or arteries, peripherally and centrally. In a six-week study, medication was given prophylactically (immediately before glaucoma surgery, i.e., three episcleral veins cauterization) or as curative treatment (starting at 24 h after glaucoma surgery). The daily regimen of BPC 157 (0.4 µg/eye, 0.4 ng/eye; 10 µg/kg, 10 ng/kg) was administered locally as drops in each eye, intraperitoneally (last application at 24 h before sacrifice) or per-orally in drinking water (0.16 µg/mL, 0.16 ng/mL, 12 mL/rat until the sacrifice, first application being intragastric). Consequently, all BPC 157 regimens immediately normalized intraocular pressure. BPC 157-treated rats exhibited normal pupil diameter, microscopically well-preserved ganglion cells and optic nerve presentation, normal fundus presentation, normal retinal and choroidal blood vessel presentation and normal optic nerve presentation. As leading symptoms, increased intraocular pressure and mydriasis, as well as degeneration of retinal ganglion cells, optic nerve head excavation and reduction in optic nerve thickness, generalized severe irregularity of retinal vessels, faint presentation of choroidal vessels and severe optic nerve disc atrophy were all counteracted. In conclusion, we claim that the reversal of the episcleral veins cauterization glaucoma appeared as a consequence of the BPC 157 therapy of the vessel occlusion-induced perilous syndrome.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy of Rat Glaucoma

et al. 2021

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“…Being lipophilic, timolol is approximately 8-10 times more potent than propranolol in its β-receptor blocking activity, with a half-life of 5 hours and a duration of activity reaching up to 24 hours. 8 Drolet et al 9 found timolol in the plasma of infants receiving timolol topically for IH at concentrations known to exert β-blocking activity in adults. Although not demonstrated in their study, the potential of increased absorption in ulcerated hemangiomas or those near mucosal surfaces has been a concern for many authors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperkalemia due to topical timolol for hemangioma

Alasmari,

Alkhenaizan,

Al-Khenaizan

2023

JAAD Case Reports

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“…Brimonidine eye drops should therefore be used with caution in susceptible patients, including frail older adults and patients with impaired renal or liver function. Although alternative treatments may be available, ophthalmic preparations of beta-blockers and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors have also been associated with systemic side effects, including neuropsychiatric complications [ 16 , 17 ]. The smallest effective dose should be used, with vigilant monitoring for systemic toxicities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brimonidine Eye Drops Causing Encephalopathy in a Patient With Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease

So¹,

Lee²,

Tang³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Brimonidine eye drops are frequently prescribed for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension in adults. Systemic toxicities including neurological side effects have been reported with its use, especially in the paediatric population. In this report, we present a case of encephalopathy secondary to the use of brimonidine eye drops in a patient with underlying advanced chronic kidney disease, who recovered promptly after drug cessation. Herein, we also review the pharmacokinetics of eye drops leading to their systemic side effects, especially in the context of renal impairment. We also explore the possibility of extracorporeal treatment, such as by haemodialysis, for the treatment of these manifestations. This case demonstrates the need to clarify a patient's drug history and stop offending medications early on in a patient with delirium, while treatments such as antidotes or extracorporeal treatment are being considered.

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Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events from Topical Ophthalmic Timolol

Cited by 10 publications

References 54 publications

Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy of Rat Glaucoma

Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy of Rat Glaucoma

Hyperkalemia due to topical timolol for hemangioma

Brimonidine Eye Drops Causing Encephalopathy in a Patient With Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease

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