Neuropsychiatric disorders of childhood: Tourette's syndrome as a model

Dj, Cohen; Jf, Leckman; Pauls, David L.

doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1997.tb18357.x

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Basar and colleagues in a study showed that 30% of children with tethered spinal cord had Pollakiuria (19). Male dominance in Pollakiuria was seen in some studies leading to externalization of male genitalia (20)(21)(22), however, in the current study, there was an equal number of boys and girls. In some studies, certain medications, such as milnacipran and fluoxetine, may result in Pollakiuria (23,24).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Comparison of Development Indicators, According to Ages and Stages Questionnaires in Children with Pollakiuria Compared to Healthy Children

et al. 2017

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Background: Children with pollakiuria have extraordinary daytime urinary frequency, which means urination every 15 to 20 minutes per day, without nocturnal enuresis, urinary incontinence, dysuria, and UTIs. This can be associated with developmental disorders. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the effect of Pollakiuria on developmental disorders. Methods: A total of 224 individuals were included in this study. The age range was 5 to 7 years old and 70 patients with Pollakiuria were allocated to the case group and 154 healthy individuals were included in the control group. Height, weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI) were measured and were compatible with gender and age. The following information was also recorded, personal and social development,

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Comparison of Development Indicators, According to Ages and Stages Questionnaires in Children with Pollakiuria Compared to Healthy Children

et al. 2017

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“…7,8 This has been postulated to be due variously to a TS gene-by-gender interaction, 1,33 an autoimmunity-bygender interaction, 34 or a hormone-by-gender interaction 35 (ie, tic facilitation in males, or tic suppression in females, by increasing levels of a gender-associated hormone during childhood, when TS symptoms usually begin). We've observed that male transgenic mice tic significantly more severely than do female transgenics in one measure-tic flurries-while likewise show-ing trends toward more tic complexity.…”

Section: Gender-specific Hormones May Aggravate Tic Severity In Male mentioning

confidence: 99%

A transgenic model of comorbid Tourette's syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder circuitry

2002

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The tic disorder Tourette's Syndrome (TS) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are comorbid behavioral disorders, suggesting a shared but still unknown neuronal basis. To 'circuit-test' such behaviors, we previously engineered transgenic mice expressing a neuropotentiating protein (cholera toxin A1 subunit) within a cortical-limbic subset of dopamine D1-receptor expressing (D1+) neurons known to trigger glutamatergic excitation of orbitofrontal, sensorimotor, limbic and efferent striatal circuits thought to be hyperactive or affected in OCD and TS. These mice exhibited OCD-like behaviors including generalized behavioral perseveration and compulsion-like leaping and grooming-associated pulling and biting of skin and hair. We now report that these OCD-like mice, like humans, also exhibit comorbid TS-like behaviors, including juvenile-onset tics; increased tic number, complexity and flurries; increased tic severity in males; voluntary tic suppression; and tic responsiveness to a non-cataleptic TS+OCD drug therapy (clonidine, 0.01 mg kg −1 ). These data suggest that hormonal gender differences, apart from the influence of genetic or autoimmune etiologic factors, may be sufficient to aggravate tic severity in human TS males compared to TS females. These data also proffer a precise neuronal basis for TS+OCD, wherein tics and primary compulsions or obsessions are evoked by hyperactivity of various cortical-limbic projection neurons' glutamatergic output to efferent targets like the striatum. The 'Cortical-limbic Glutamatergic Neuron' (CGN) neuronal circuit model merges formerly opposed neurotransmitter models of TS and OCD, and is consistent with new clinical reports of increased cortical hyperactivity, striatal glutamate and striatal inhibitory D2 receptors, and reduced striatal responsiveness, in these disorders.

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“…(Bakker et al 2002) Tourette's syndrome (TS) is defined as Tourette's disorder in the DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association 2000). Cohen et al (1997) have presented TS as a model neuropsychiatric disorder. We would further qualify TS as a neuropsychiatric developmental disorder (NPDD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chain reaction or time bomb: A neuropsychiatric-developmental/neurodevelopmental formulation of tourettisms, pervasive developmental disorder, and schizophreniform symptomatology associated with PANDAS

Kerbeshian

Burd

Tait³

2007

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry

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We present the case of a boy who over time sequentially exhibited symptoms consistent with a pervasive developmental disorder, schizophreniform symptomatology, multiple motor and vocal tics, and myoclonus. During this period he experienced multiple episodes of group A beta-haemolytic streptococcal (strep) infection confirmed by culture and serological studies. We speculate that paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with strep (PANDAS) may have served as an element in a complex chain of causation influencing the expression of his symptoms. Our main emphasis is to utilize our case study as an example of the application in case formulation of the neuropsychiatric developmental model and of the neurodevelopmental model on symptom ontogenesis and clinical outcome.

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Neuropsychiatric disorders of childhood: Tourette's syndrome as a model

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

Comparison of Development Indicators, According to Ages and Stages Questionnaires in Children with Pollakiuria Compared to Healthy Children

Comparison of Development Indicators, According to Ages and Stages Questionnaires in Children with Pollakiuria Compared to Healthy Children

A transgenic model of comorbid Tourette's syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder circuitry

Chain reaction or time bomb: A neuropsychiatric-developmental/neurodevelopmental formulation of tourettisms, pervasive developmental disorder, and schizophreniform symptomatology associated with PANDAS

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