Neuropsychological Analyses of Comorbidity Between Reading Disability and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: In Search of the Common Deficit

Willcutt, Erik G.; Pennington, Bruce F.; Olson, Richard K.; Chhabildas, Nomita; Hulslander, Jacqueline

doi:10.1207/s15326942dn2701_3

Cited by 527 publications

(567 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Results concerning commission errors point in the direction of less adequate behavioral inhibition skills in children with RD, but not in children with MD. Despite the small effect size, these RD findings are in line with several other studies (e.g., Purvis & Tannock, 2000;Willcutt et al, 2005). For instance, the study of Purvis and Tannock (2000) revealed that elementary school children with RD had a slower stop signal reaction time in comparison to control children.…”

Section: Behavioral Inhibition Deficitsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Underadditivity would be the case: performance on behavioral inhibition tasks is the same in children with RD+MD, in children with RD and in children with MD. If the cognitive impairments in MD are independent of those in RD, then the RD+MD group would be the sum or the additive combination of the deficits in each pure group (Landerl et al, 2004;Pauly et al, 2011;van der Sluis et al, 2004;Willcutt, Pennington, Olson, Chhabildas, & Hulslander, 2005).…”

Section: Objectives and Research Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral inhibition in children with learning disabilities

Weerdt

Desoete

Roeyers

2013

Research in Developmental Disabilities

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Children with reading disabilities (RD, n = 17), mathematical disabilities (MD, n = 22), combined reading and mathematical disabilities (RD+MD, n = 28) and control peers (n = 45) were tested on behavioral inhibition with a Go/no-go task in a picture, letter and digit-modality. In contrast to children without RD, children with RD made significantly more commission errors on alphanumeric (letter and digit) modalities compared to the non-alphanumeric picture modality. As compared to children without MD, children with MD made as much commission errors on the picture modality as on the letter modality. No significant interaction-effect was found between RD and MD. These results can be considered as evidence for behavioral inhibition deficits related to alphanumeric stimuli in children with RD but not in children with MD.

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Section: Behavioral Inhibition Deficitsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Objectives and Research Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral inhibition in children with learning disabilities

Weerdt

Desoete

Roeyers

2013

Research in Developmental Disabilities

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“…D1/D5 signalling mediates executive abilities including working memory , attention (Bayer et al, 2000;Granon et al, 2000), motor control (Dreher and Jackson, 1989;Meyer, 1993), and reward and reinforcement mechanisms (Beninger and Miller, 1998). Impairment of those functions is often observed in individuals with ADHD (Arnsten and Li, 2005b;Lijffijt et al, 2005;Luman et al, 2005;Martinussen et al, 2005;Willcutt et al, 2005). Moreover, a recent study in rodents suggested that D1 stimulation contributes to cognitive-enhancing effects of methylphenidate, a leading treatment for ADHD (Arnsten and Dudley, 2005a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the G protein subunit Gαolf gene (GNAL) in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Laurin

Ickowicz

Pathare

et al. 2008

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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The dopamine system plays an important role in the regulation of attention and motor behavior, subsequently, several dopamine-related genes have been associated with Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Among them are the dopamine receptors D1 and D5 that mediate adenylyl cyclase activation through coupling with G s -like proteins. We thus hypothesized that the G s -like subunit Gα olf , expressed in D1-rich areas of the brain, contributes to the genetic susceptibility of ADHD. To evaluate the involvement of the Gα olf gene, GNAL, in ADHD, we examined the inheritance pattern of 12 GNAL polymorphisms in 258 nuclear families ascertained through a proband with ADHD (311 affected children) using the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT). Categorical analysis of individual marker alleles demonstrated biased transmission of one polymorphism in GNAL intron 3 (rs2161961; P = 0.011). We also observed significant relationships between rs2161961 and dimensional symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/ impulsivity (P = 0.003 and P = 0.008). In addition, because of recent evidence of imprinting at the GNAL locus, secondary analyses were split into maternal and paternal transmissions to assess a contribution of parental effects. We found evidence of strong maternal effect, with preferential transmission of maternal alleles for rs2161961A (P = 0.005) and rs8098539A (P = 0.035). These preliminary findings suggest a possible contribution of GNAL in the susceptibility to ADHD, with possible involvement of parent-of-origin effects.

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“…Research on ADHD agrees that this disorder is accompanied by severe executive dysfunctions: lack of inhibition of behaviour accompanied by impulsive responses, poor organization of activities, diffi culty to stop ongoing behaviours, problems keeping attention focused on a single activity, diffi culty of monitoring one's activities, little ability to assess possible future consequences of one's actions (Barkley et al, 2001;Brocki, Eninger, Thorell, & Bohlin, 2009;Fischer, Barkley, Smallish, & Fletcher, 2005;Holmes et al, 2010;Re, De Franchis, & Cornoldi, 2010;Willcutt, Pennington, Olson, Chhabildas, & Hulslander, 2005).…”

Section: Attention Defi Cit and Hyperactivity Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive Function Associated to Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Paediatric Bipolar Disorder

Jiménez¹,

Ballabriga²,

Martín³

et al. 2015

Psicol. Reflex. Crit.

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Very little is known about the differences of the neurocognitive functioning of Attention Defi cit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Paediatric Bipolar Disorder (PBD), since current studies do not agree on a differentiation of Executive Function (EF) between the two disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the EF defi cits associated with symptomatology of ADHD and the PBD phenotype. Participants were 76 children/adolescents aged 6-17 years and their parents, submitted to a diagnostic interview and a tool for assessing EF, Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function. Structural Equation Modeling was used to examine associations between symptoms of ADHD and the PBD phenotype, and the EF. A model for parents and a model for children/ adolescents were performed. The model indexes showed a satisfactory fi t. ADHD was found to be associated with defi cits in all areas of EF, especially when the predominant symptom is inattention. The presence of symptoms of PBD phenotype was associated only with diffi culties in fi nding new strategies to solve problems and inhibiting new behaviour. The article concluded that the presence of ADHD symptoms is associated with cognitive defi cits different from those that may occur with PBD symptoms. It is advisable that professionals consider patients' neurocognitive profi les in order to achieve an appropriate differential diagnosis. Keywords: Executive function, attention defi cit hyperactivity disorder, paediatric bipolar disorder. ResumoAinda é pouco o que se sabe do funcionamento do Transtorno de Défi cit de Atenção/Hiperatividade (TDAH) e do Transtorno Bipolar Pediátrico (TBP), já que atualmente os investigadores não concordam quanto a uma diferenciação da Função Executiva (FE) nos dois transtornos. O objetivo deste estudo é determinar os défi cits da FE associados às sintomatologias de TDAH e do fenótipo do TBP. Foram avaliados 76 crianças/adolescentes com idades entre 6-17 anos e seus pais, com uma entrevista diagnóstica e um instrumento para avaliação da FE, Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function. Modelos de equações estruturais foram usados para examinar associações entre a sintomatologia de TDAH e do fenótipo de TBP, e a FE. Foi realizado um modelo para pais e outro para crianças/adolescentes. Os índices do modelo indicaram um ajuste satisfatório. Foi encontrado que o TDAH está associado a defi ciências em todas as áreas da FE, sobretudo se a sintomatologia predominante é a desatenção. A presença de sintomatologia do fenótipo de TBP somente apresentou associação a difi culdades na busca de novas estratégias na solução de problemas e na inibição de novas condutas. Conclui-se que a presença de sintomatologia de TDAH está associada a defi ciências cognitivas diferentes das que podem estar presentes no TBP. É recomendável que os profi ssionais considerem o perfi l neurocognitivo de seus pacientes para alcançarem um diagnóstico diferencial adequado. Palavras-chave: Função executiva, transtorno de défi cit de atenção/hiperatividade, transtorno bipol...

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Neuropsychological Analyses of Comorbidity Between Reading Disability and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: In Search of the Common Deficit

Cited by 527 publications

References 90 publications

Behavioral inhibition in children with learning disabilities

Behavioral inhibition in children with learning disabilities

Investigation of the G protein subunit Gαolf gene (GNAL) in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Executive Function Associated to Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Paediatric Bipolar Disorder

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