Neuropsychological analyses of impulsiveness in childhood hyperactivity

Rubia, Katya; Taylor, Eric; Smith, Andrew T.; Oksanen, Hanna; Overmeyer, S; Newman, Stuart

doi:10.1192/bjp.179.2.138

Cited by 226 publications

(207 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The go/nogo task may place greater demands on action selection, whereas the stop-signal task may place greater demands on the motor inhibition system (Rubia et al, 2001). …”

Section: The Stop-signal and Go/nogo Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to withhold or replace a prepotent response: An analysis of the underlying control processes and their temporal dynamics

Elchlepp

Verbruggen

2017

Biological Psychology

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“…The go/nogo task may place greater demands on action selection, whereas the stop-signal task may place greater demands on the motor inhibition system (Rubia et al, 2001). …”

Section: The Stop-signal and Go/nogo Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to withhold or replace a prepotent response: An analysis of the underlying control processes and their temporal dynamics

Elchlepp

Verbruggen

2017

Biological Psychology

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“…The Logan Stop-Change Task measures an aspect of inhibition that involves the ability to shift responses in light of new information (Logan & Burkell, 1986), a function which have been shown to activate the right hemispheric anterior cingulate cortex, supplementary motor area, and inferior prefrontal and parietal cortices, which modulate error monitoring, interference control, and task management (Rubia et al, 2001). The task consists of two parts: (1) the baseline (36 trials) to assess the participants' choice reaction time and (2) the main task (96 trials) to assess the participants' ability to inhibit a prepotent response and initiate a new response.…”

Section: E-prime: Stop Change Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocognitive characterizations of Russian heroin addicts without a significant history of other drug use

Fishbein

Krupitsky

Flannery

et al. 2007

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

100

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Research on the neurocognitive characteristics of heroin addiction is sparse and studies that do exist include polydrug abusers; thus, they are unable to distinguish neurocognitive effects of heroin from those of other drugs. To identify neurocognitive correlates specific to heroin addiction, the present study was conducted in St. Petersburg, Russia where individuals typically abuse and/or become addicted to only one substance, generally alcohol or heroin. Heroin addicts were recruited from an inpatient treatment facility in St. Petersburg. Three comparison groups included alcoholics, addicts who used both alcohol and heroin, and non-abusers. Psychiatric, background, and drug history evaluations were administered after detoxification to screen for exclusion criteria and characterize the sample. Executive Cognitive Functions (ECF) that largely activate areas of the prefrontal cortex and its circuitry measured include complex visual pattern recognition (Paired Associates Learning), working memory (Delayed Matching to Sample), problem solving (Stockings of Cambridge), executive decision making (Cambridge Decision Making Task), cognitive flexibility (Stroop ColorWord Task) and response shifting (Stop Change Task). In many respects, the heroin addicts were similar to alcohol and alcohol\heroin dependent groups in neurocognitive deficits relative to controls. The primary finding was that heroin addicts exhibited significantly more disadvantageous decision making and longer deliberation times while making risky decisions than the other groups. Because the nature and degree of recovery from drug abuse are likely a function of the type or pattern of neurocognitive impairment, differential drug effects must be considered.

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“…The sensitivity of these relatively new measures to ADHD first reported in Manly et al 42 has been supported in subsequent studies. 45,47,75 Response inhibition. Impairments in the capacity to inhibit prepotent responses has been argued to be central to ADHD.…”

Section: Neuropsychological Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…39 Impairments assessed using time-on-task decline and sustained attention measures that emphasise slow, tedious tasks have, however, been reported across a number of studies-notably including tasks from the Test of Everyday Attention for Children (TEA-Ch) battery, employed in this study. [40][41][42][43][44][45][46] The largest effect size in ADHD is found on tests of response inhibition such as the Go-NoGo and Stop Signal tasks 47 and CPT commission errors-which show a characteristic pattern of impulsive motor responses in ADHD. 37 These findings suggest that response inhibition may represent a cognitive endophenotype of ADHD and may possibly be associated with variation in genes affecting the dopaminergic system such as DAT1.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of the dopamine transporter (DAT1) 10/10-repeat genotype with ADHD symptoms and response inhibition in a general population sample

et al. 2005

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Association between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the 10-repeat allele of the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) has been reported in independent clinical samples using a categorical clinical definition of ADHD. The present study adopts a quantitative trait loci (QTL) approach to examine the association between DAT1 and a continuous measure of ADHD behaviours in a general-population sample, as well as to explore whether there is an independent association between DAT1 and performance on neuropsychological tests of attention, response inhibition, and working memory. From an epidemiological sample of 872 boys aged 6-11 years, we recruited 58 boys scoring above the 90th percentile for teacher reported ADHD symptoms (SWAN ADHD scale) and 68 boys scoring below 10th percentile for genotyping and neuropsychological testing. A significant association was found between the DAT1 homozygous 10/10-repeat genotype and high-scoring boys (v 2 square ¼ 4.6, Po0.03; odds ratio ¼ 2.4, 95% CI 1.1-5.0). Using hierarchical linear regression, a significant independent association was found between the DAT1 10/10-repeat genotype and measures of selective attention and response inhibition after adjusting for age, IQ, and ADHD symptoms. There was no association between DAT1 and any component of working memory. Furthermore, performance on tasks of selective attention although associated with DAT1 was not associated with SWAN ADHD high scores after controlling for age and IQ. In contrast, impairment on tasks that tapped sustained attention and the central executive component of working memory were found in high-scoring boys after adjusting for age and IQ. The results suggest that DAT1 is a QTL for continuously distributed ADHD behaviours in the general population and the cognitive endophenotype of response inhibition. Molecular Psychiatry (2005) 10, 686-698.

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Neuropsychological analyses of impulsiveness in childhood hyperactivity

Abstract: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is characterised by specific deficits in tasks of motor response inhibition, but not motor timing, and by dysfunction of frontostriatal brain regions.

Cited by 226 publications

References 35 publications

How to withhold or replace a prepotent response: An analysis of the underlying control processes and their temporal dynamics

How to withhold or replace a prepotent response: An analysis of the underlying control processes and their temporal dynamics

Neurocognitive characterizations of Russian heroin addicts without a significant history of other drug use

Association of the dopamine transporter (DAT1) 10/10-repeat genotype with ADHD symptoms and response inhibition in a general population sample

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