Neuropsychological characteristics of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo

Wu, Zhao-Min; Liu, Juan; Wang, Peng; Wang, Yufeng; Yang, Binrang

doi:10.1177/10870547221090662

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Note that the ADHD-RI group in that study was defined to have six or more inattentive symptoms and three or fewer hyperactive/impulsive symptoms. Apart from that, the test we used in the current study, although it has been widely used (31)(32)(33), seems to be less sensitive to ADHD-related impairment in our sample, as we had shown in our previous publications (20).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 77%

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The clinical, neuropsychological, and brain functional characteristics of the ADHD restrictive inattentive presentation

Wang²,

Liu³

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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ObjectivesThere is an ongoing debate about the restrictive inattentive (RI) presentation of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The current study aimed to systematically investigate the clinical, neuropsychological, and brain functional characteristics of children with ADHD restrictive inattentive presentation.MethodsA clinical sample of 789 children with or without ADHD participated in the current study and finished clinical interviews, questionnaires, and neuropsychological tests. Those individuals with a diagnosis of ADHD were further divided into three subgroups according to the presentation of inattentive and/or hyperactive/impulsive symptoms, the ADHD-RI, the ADHD-I (inattentive), and the ADHD-C (combined) groups. Between-group comparisons were carried out on each clinical and neuropsychological measure using ANCOVA, with age and sex as covariates. Bonferroni corrections were applied to correct for multiple comparisons. Two hundred twenty-seven of the subjects also went through resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. Five ADHD-related brain functional networks, including the default mode network (DMN), the dorsal attention network (DAN), the ventral attention network, the executive control network, and the salience network, were built using predefined regions of interest (ROIs). Voxel-based group-wise comparisons were performed.ResultsCompared with healthy controls, all ADHD groups presented more clinical problems and weaker cognitive function. Among the ADHD groups, the ADHD-C group had the most clinical problems, especially delinquent and aggressive behaviors. Regarding cognitive function, the ADHD-RI group displayed the most impaired sustained attention, and the ADHD-C group had the worst response inhibition function. In terms of brain functional connectivity (FC), reduced FC in the DMN was identified in the ADHD-C and the ADHD-I groups but not the ADHD-RI group, compared to the healthy controls. Subjects with ADHD-I also presented decreased FC in the DAN in contrast to the control group. The ADHD-RI displayed marginally significantly lower FC in the salience network compared to the ADHD-I and the control groups.ConclusionThe ADHD-RI group is distinguishable from the ADHD-I and the ADHD-C groups. It is characterized by fewer externalizing behaviors, worse sustained attention, and better response inhibition function. The absence of abnormally high hyperactive/impulsive symptoms in ADHD-RI might be related to less impaired brain function in DMN, but potentially more impairment in the salience network.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 77%

“…The CANTAB: the CANTAB has been widely used in scientific research about all kinds of psychiatric disorders, including ADHD (20). In the current study, we utilized cloud-based products, which means all instructions were administered automatically.…”

Section: Clinical and Cognitive Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%