Neuropsychological Consequences of Massive Trauma: Implications and Clinical Interventions

Theodoratou, Maria; Kougioumtzis, Georgios A.; Yotsidi, Vasiliki; Sofologi, Maria; Katsarou, Dimitra; Megari, Kalliopi

doi:10.3390/medicina59122128

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Research on oxytocin receptors, their dietary modulation, and the genetic and epigenetic factors underlying attachment and trauma are informing variability in stress resilience and psychopathology. These findings are critical to the development of personalized treatment strategies in the domains of the brain, psychological, and psychiatric sciences, including cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety, which may interact with these neuropeptide pathways [67][68][69].…”

Section: Stress Mechanisms and Copingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological Insights into Coping Strategies: Integrating Theory and Practice in Clinical and Therapeutic Contexts

Theodoratou,

Argyrides

2024

Psychiatry International

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The primary focus of this review is to rigorously explore the application and significance of coping strategies within the domains of clinical psychology and neuropsychology. These consist of a variety of techniques, behaviors, and cognitive interventions, and their critical role in reinforcing resilience and facilitating adaptive responses to stressors has been highlighted. This study explores the complex neuropsychological links between the brain’s stress pathways and the use of coping mechanisms. The neural aspects of stress, and how they can be influenced by adaptive strategies, are detailed, illustrating the profound impact that these coping mechanisms have at a neurobiological level. Delving into the neuropsychological underpinnings, this review will shed light on how stress response pathways in the brain interact with, and can be modulated by, various coping strategies. These mechanisms are particularly salient when addressing the multifaceted challenges that are faced by individuals with neuropsychological or mental health issues. While these strategies span a broad spectrum, from introspection and cognitive reframing to behavioral activation and social support seeking, their integration and application remain diverse within clinical contexts. This review endeavors to elucidate the theoretical underpinnings of these strategies, their empirical support, and their practical implications within therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, the intricate interplay between individualized coping techniques and structured therapeutic methodologies will be examined, emphasizing the potential for a holistic treatment paradigm, thereby enhancing therapeutic outcomes and fostering individual resilience.

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Section: Stress Mechanisms and Copingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological Insights into Coping Strategies: Integrating Theory and Practice in Clinical and Therapeutic Contexts

Theodoratou,

Argyrides

2024

Psychiatry International

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“…The development of PTSD is triggered by changes in the subcortical reactivity to trauma-related memories and emotions, the impairment of inhibitory control and frontal regulation [ 6 , 7 ], and a deficit in the downregulation of hyperreactivity in the amygdala [ 8 , 9 ]. All this occurrences culminate in an inability to judiciously apportion attention when responding to threatening and emotional stimuli [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Neurophysiological Markers of Combat-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Diagnostic Study

Telesheva,

Savenkova,

Morozova

et al. 2024

Consortium Psychiatricum

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BACKGROUND: Studies suggest that the components of brain-evoked potentials (EPs) may serve as biomarkers of the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) caused by participation in combat operations; however, to date, research remains fragmented, with no studies that have attempted to combine different paradigms. In addition, the mismatch negativity component has not been studied in a Russian sample of veterans with PTSD. AIM: To identify objective neurophysiological markers of combat-related PTSD using the method of auditory-evoked potentials in active and passive listening paradigms. METHODS: The study included a recording of auditory EPs in an oddball paradigm in three settings: 1) directed attention to auditory stimuli, 2) passive listening while viewing a neutral video sequence, and 3) viewing a video sequence associated with a traumatic event. Combatants diagnosed with PTSD (18 people) were compared with mentally healthy civilian volunteers (22 people). RESULTS: An increase in the latency period of the early components of auditory EP (N100 and P200), an increase in the amplitude of the P200 component to a deviant stimulus, and a decrease to a standard one in the active listening paradigm were established in the PTSD group. There were no significant differences in the parameters of the P300 component. The characteristics of mismatch negativity in the passive paradigm were revealed: an increase in the phenomenon amplitude, both when shown a video sequence associated with a traumatic event and when shown a neutral video sequence. A binary logistic regression model constructed using the selected parameters showed that the identified characteristics can potentially be considered as diagnostic markers of PTSD in combatants, as the classification accuracy stood at 87% (sensitivity — 81%, specificity — 91%). CONCLUSION: Potential neurophysiological markers of PTSD are the following: the amplitude and latency of early components of auditory EPs in the paradigm of directed attention to stimuli and the amplitude of mismatch negativity during passive attention.

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The psychological burden of caring for children with intellectual disabilities as experienced by care workers

Molefe

2024

Preprint

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Background: Intellectual disability limits the child’s ability to perform activities of daily living independently. The disability is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects cognitive functioning such as learning, problem-solving, and judgement, plus adaptive functioning such as communication and social participation. At home, children depend on primary caregivers to assist them in fulfilling activities of daily living. When admitted to hospitals, such responsibilities lie with care workers. Caring for children with intellectual disabilities might put the psychological being of care workers at risk. Little is known about the psychological burden of caring for children with intellectual disabilities. The study explored and described the psychological burden of caring for children with intellectual disabilities as experienced by care workers. Methods: A qualitative-exploratory-descriptive and contextual research design was used. The participants were care workers at hospitals admitting children with intellectual disabilities in Gauteng. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 care workers. Data were audio-recorded and analysed using content analysis and ATLAS ti. Results: The following two psychological burdens emerged; namely, stress and emotional trauma. The long-term strategies to manage stress and emotional trauma were further recommended to improve the working environment of care workers. Conclusion:The study found that care workers of children with intellectual disabilities experience psychological burdens associated with caring, as evidenced by stress and emotional trauma experienced by care workers. Long-term strategies such as problem-focused coping approaches and adaptive coping strategies were recommended. If applied, recommendations will improve the health conditions of care workers. Findings will further assist future researchers who are aiming to develop programmes of support for care workers.

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Neuropsychological Consequences of Massive Trauma: Implications and Clinical Interventions

Cited by 4 publications

References 113 publications

Neuropsychological Insights into Coping Strategies: Integrating Theory and Practice in Clinical and Therapeutic Contexts

Neuropsychological Insights into Coping Strategies: Integrating Theory and Practice in Clinical and Therapeutic Contexts

Potential Neurophysiological Markers of Combat-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Diagnostic Study

The psychological burden of caring for children with intellectual disabilities as experienced by care workers

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