Neuropsychological Correlates of Bilateral Amygdala Damage

Tranel, Daniel; Hyman, Bradley T.

doi:10.1001/archneur.1990.00530030131029

Cited by 203 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In the present study, simultaneous regression analysis revealed that the MRI-based volume measurements of the right amygdala and right mammillary body were associated with visual memory performance. This finding has not been previously reported in the epilepsy literature, although these structures have been found to relate to visual memory performance in other clinical populations (Aggleton, 1992;Markowitsch et al, 1994;Mori et al, 1997;Soininen et al, 1994;Tranel & Hyman, 1990). For example, Markowitsch et al (1994) described 2 patients with circumscribed bilateral calcification of the amygdala who presented with selective deficits in visual memory, verbal interference and emotional dysfunction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

“…The amygdala has also been proposed to be an important component in memory functioning given its extensive bidirectional efferent-afferent projections to cortical association areas, hypothalamic regions, and other subcortical and limbic structures (Aggleton, 1992;. In particular, visual memory performance deficits have been reported in patients with selective amygdala lesions (Markowitsch et al, 1994;Tranel & Hyman, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MRI extrahippocampal volumes and visual memory: Correlations independent of MRI hippocampal volumes in temporal lobe epilepsy patients

Martin

Hugg

Roth

et al. 1999

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Limbic system atrophy and memory dysfunction are common in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, the relationship between extrahippocampal limbic structures and memory functioning within TLE has received little attention. The present study examined associations of MRI volumetric measurements of the mammillary body, fornix, amygdala, and hippocampus to measures of episodic verbal and visual memory. The Logical Memory and Visual Reproduction subtests from the Wechsler Memory Scale were administered to 47 unilateral TLE patients (25 right, 22 left). Normalized right and left MRI volumes were determined for each patient by cursor tracing 1.5 mm slices from 3D-MRI. Significant associations were found between left hippocampal volume and the immediate, delayed, and percent retention scores of the Logical Memory Test; between the left mammillary body volume and the Logical Memory Test delayed and percent retention scores; immediate Visual Reproduction performance was significantly related to the right and left amygdala volumes, and right mammillary body volume; only the right amygdala and right mammillary body volume were associated with the delayed Visual Reproduction trial. However, neither right nor left hippocampal volumes were related to visual memory performance. Multiple limbic system structural volumes were independently associated with verbal and nonverbal memory performance. Results suggest that visual memory, as measured by the Visual Reproduction Test, may be uniquely associated with extrahippocampal volumes in patients with TLE. (JINS, 1999, 5, 540-548.)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI extrahippocampal volumes and visual memory: Correlations independent of MRI hippocampal volumes in temporal lobe epilepsy patients

Martin

Hugg

Roth

et al. 1999

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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“…The true incidence of epilepsy is unknown, but a review of the literature reported epilepsy in 30 of 190 patients, and intracranial calcification was present in all cases in which epilepsy was mentioned. Memory impairment has also been noted as a consistent finding in HCM [6,13,16], although our patient did not manifest this. Markowitsch et al [9] reported two patients who showed memory impairment and demonstrated an impaired glucose metabolism in the amygdaloid region by positron emission tomography, while hippocampal formation and other brain structures were intact [9].…”

supporting

confidence: 66%

Hyalinosis cutis et mucosae: a case report

Ito

Nagasaka

Tanaka

et al. 2000

Journal of Neurology

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Sirs: Hyalinosis cutis et mucosae (HCM; also referred to as UrbachWiethe disease or lipoid proteinosis) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of unknown etiology first described by Siebenmann in 1908 [15]. Approximately 200 cases of HCM have been reported worldwide. The disease is manifested by typical changes in the skin and mucous membranes. The skin pathology is characterized by deposition of hyalinelike material in the dermis, especially around small blood vessels and skin appendages. Recently HCM has become recognized as a generalized disorder involving the majority of organ systems [6]. Intracranial calcifications, epilepsy, and memory impairment have been reported as neurological manifestations [6,13]. We report here a case of HCM with intracranial calcification, epilepsy, and familial hypercholesterolemia (FH).A 16-year-old Japanese adolescent was admitted to our hospital complaining of epileptic seizure. His parents were not consanguineous. His father and paternal grandfather had been diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia. His mother and 6-yearold sister were in good health. The patient's birth had been normal, but his parents reported that their son had been hoarse since infancy. At 10 years of age he was diagnosed as having obesity and hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol, 245 mg/dl), and treatment with cholestyramine was started at a daily dose of 8 g. Epilepsy began at about the same time, and episodes were preceded by déjà vu. The patient usually experienced nausea and a dreamlike state that was followed by amnesia. At first, the epilepsy occurred several times a month; however, it increased in frequency as he grew older to several times a day at the age of 16 years, when he was admitted for evaluation.On physical examination, small pearly papules 2-3 mm in diameter were detected along the free edges of the palpebrae. Numerous scarlike lesions 3-5 mm in diameter were present on the shoulders, dorsum of the hands, and in the cubital fossa. The patient also had several xanthomalike lesions on the elbows. Results of a detailed neurological examination, including testing of recent and remote memory, were entirely normal. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale score was 120 (verbal IQ, 126; performance IQ, 105). Urinalysis, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and complete blood count findings were all normal. The serum chemistry data were normal except for the results of the lipid analysis. Lipid data during cholestyramine therapy were as follows: total cholesterol, 237 mg/dl; triglyceride, 117 mg/dl; high-density lipoprotein, 40 mg/dl; low-density lipoprotein, 174 mg/dl. The activity of low-density lipoprotein receptors assessed by flow cytometric assay in peripheral blood mononuclear cells [14] was decreased to 45% (normal range: 80-120%). The results of hormonal determinations were unremarkable: intact parathyroid hormone, 22 pg/ml; calcitonin, 42 pg/ml; and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, 36.4 ng/ml. CSF analysis yielded normal findings. Electroencephalography frequently demonstrated spike and slow-wave comple...

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“…The soluble glycoproteins represent the precursors of membrane glycoproteins and are therefore involved in their long-term regulation [12]. The changes in the pattern of soluble and insoluble fractions of glycoproteins correlate with structural and functional modifications in various tissues, and, in turn, physiological or pathological processes also induce modifications of this pattern [24]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipoid Proteinosis (Urbach-Wiethe Disease)

et al. 1999

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The aim of this study has been to assess the clinical presentation and biochemical profile of lipoid proteinosis within a defined pedigree. Glycoprotein analysis was compared to normal values in an attempt to define a biochemical phenotype. Six affected family members were identified with variable degrees of disease expression. The most likely mode of inheritance is autosomal recessive due to consanguinity. Routine laboratory investigations were normal in all family members tested. The total content of mucopolysaccharides, sialic acid and hexosamine in biopsed tissue was significantly lower than normal. Our findings demonstrate that a defect in glycoprotein synthesis, possibly enzymatic, may be the cause of lipid proteinosis and its protean clinical manifestations.

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Neuropsychological Correlates of Bilateral Amygdala Damage

Cited by 203 publications

References 25 publications

MRI extrahippocampal volumes and visual memory: Correlations independent of MRI hippocampal volumes in temporal lobe epilepsy patients

MRI extrahippocampal volumes and visual memory: Correlations independent of MRI hippocampal volumes in temporal lobe epilepsy patients

Hyalinosis cutis et mucosae: a case report

Lipoid Proteinosis (Urbach-Wiethe Disease)

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