Neuropsychological efficiency measures in male and female alcoholics.

Glenn, Susan Wagner; Parsons, Oscar A.

doi:10.15288/jsa.1992.53.546

Cited by 66 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Lifetime alcohol problem severity (as measured by LAPS), was significantly correlated with poorer neurocognitive function, consistent with previous research (Brewer and Perrett, 1971;Butters et al, 1977;Glenn and Parsons, 1992;Knight and Longmore, 1994;Nixon et al, 1995;Parsons and Leber, 1981). However, an important portion of this association, as measured by proficiency, was mediated by concurrent lifetime smoking history.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…, which refers to an index combining speed and accuracy, has been a more sensitive measure of neurocognitive function in alcoholism than accuracy alone (Glenn and Parsons, 1992;Nixon et al, 1995Nixon et al, , 1998, and information processing proficiency impairments are reported for smokers as we noted earlier. To assess cognitive proficiency, we administered the short form of the MicroCog battery (Powell et al, 1994).…”

Section: Cognitive Proficiency-proficiencysupporting

confidence: 54%

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Smoking is associated with neurocognitive deficits in alcoholism☆

Glass

Adams

Nigg

et al. 2006

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background-Impaired problem solving, visual-spatial processing, memory, and cognitive proficiency are consequences of severe alcoholism. Smoking is much more prevalent among alcoholics than the general population, yet the possible neurocognitive effects of cigarette smoking in alcoholism have not been studied, despite evidence that long-term smoking is associated with neurocognitive deficits.Objective-Determine whether smoking contributes to neurocognitive deficits associated with alcoholism.Design-Neurocognitive function was examined in a community-recruited (n = 172) sample of men. Alcohol problems/alcoholism were measured by the lifetime alcohol problems score (LAPS), DSM-IV diagnosis, and monthly drinking rate. Smoking was measured in pack-years. Neurocognitive function was measured with IQ (short version of WAIS-R), and cognitive proficiency (fast, accurate performance).Results-Both alcoholism and smoking were negatively correlated with neurocognitive function. When alcoholism and smoking were included in regression models, smoking remained a significant predictor for both measures, but alcoholism remained significant only for IQ.Conclusions-Both smoking and alcoholism were related to neurocognitive function. Smoking may explain some of the relationship between alcoholism and neurocognitive function, perhaps especially for measures that focus on proficiency. Future studies are necessary to more fully understand the effects of smoking on neurocognitive function in alcoholism.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Cognitive Proficiency-proficiencysupporting

confidence: 54%

Smoking is associated with neurocognitive deficits in alcoholism☆

Glass

Adams

Nigg

et al. 2006

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…Influenced by the work of Parson, Glenn, and Nixon in women (Fabian & Parsons, 1983;Glenn & Parsons, 1992;Nixon, Tivis, Ceballos, Varner, & Rohrbaugh, 2002;Parsons & Nixon, 1998), we also sought a profile of impairment in alcoholic women and found that apart from static balance, alcoholic men and women showed similar deficit patterns (Sullivan, Fama, Rosenbloom, & Pfefferbaum, 2002) (Figure 1). Furthermore, neither the diffuse impairment hypothesis nor the right hemisphere hypothesis of alcoholism-related impairment was supported, conclusions reached decades ago by Tarter (Tarter, 1975) and supported by the observation of similarly impaired verbal and nonverbal skills in two samples of alcoholics (Tivis, Beatty, Nixon, & Parsons, 1995).…”

Section: Ev Sullivanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions to Understanding the Neuropsychology of Alcoholism: An INS Legacy

Sullivan

2017

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been a major cause of family, social, and personal strife for centuries, with current prevalence estimates of 14% for 12-month and 29% lifetime AUD. Neuropsychological testing of selective cognitive, sensory, and motor functions complemented with in vivo brain imaging has enabled tracking the consequences of AUD, which follows a dynamic course of development, maintenance, and recovery or relapse. Controlled studies of alcoholism reviewed herein provide evidence for disruption of selective functions involving executive, visuospatial, mnemonic, emotional, and attentional processes, response inhibition, prosody, and postural stability and brain systems supporting these functions. On a hopeful front, longitudinal study provides convincing evidence for improvement in brain structure and function following sustained sobriety. These discoveries have a strong legacy in the International Neuropsychological Society (INS), starting from its early days when assumptions regarding which brain regions were disrupted relied solely on patterns of functional sparing and impairment deduced from testing. This review is based on the symposium presentation delivered at the 2017 annual North American meeting of the INS in celebration of the 50th anniversary since its institution in 1967. In the spirit of the meeting's theme, "Binding the Past and Present," the lecture and this review recognized the past by focusing on early, rigorous neuropsychological studies of alcoholism and their influence on research currently conducted using imaging methods enabling hypothesis testing of brain substrates of observed functional deficits. (JINS, 2017, 23, 843-859)

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“…44 An increased sensitivity to the sedative effects of alcohol could contribute to the increased risk of traffic violations and accidents among women (but not men) who report drinking more than 5 drinks on occasion, or who drink and drive. 148 Studies of chronic neurologic deficits in patients treated for alcoholism have found women and men to have similar rates of neuropsychologic impairment, [149][150][151][152] brain shrinkage, [153][154][155] and peripheral neuropathy. 29,30 Given the shorter duration of heavy drinking and lower lifetime consumption among women in alcohol treatment, these studies might reflect greater susceptibility of women to the toxic effects of alcohol or its metabolites on the nervous system.…”

Section: Neurologic Effects Of Alcohol Women May Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

Medical risks for women who drink alcohol

et al. 1998

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OBJECTIVE:To summarize for clinicians recent epidemiologic evidence regarding medical risks of alcohol use for women.METHODS: MEDLINE and PsychINFO, 1990 through 1996, were searched using key words "women" or "woman," and "alcohol." MEDLINE was also searched for other specific topics and authors from 1980 through 1996. Data were extracted and reviewed regarding levels of alcohol consumption associated with mortality, cardiovascular disease, alcoholrelated liver disease, injury, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms, psychiatric comorbidity, fetal alcohol syndrome, spontaneous abortion, infertility, menstrual symptoms, breast cancer, and gynecologic malignancies. Gender-specific data from cohort studies of general population or large clinical samples are primarily reviewed. MAIN RESULTS:Women develop many alcohol-related medical problems at lower levels of consumption than men, probably reflecting women's lower total body water, gender differences in alcohol metabolism, and effects of alcohol on postmenopausal estrogen levels. Mortality and breast cancer are increased in women who report drinking more than two drinks daily. Higher levels of alcohol consumption by women are associated with increased menstrual symptoms, hypertension, and stroke. Women who drink heavily also appear to have increased infertility and spontaneous abortion. Adverse fetal effects occur after variable amounts of alcohol consumption, making any alcohol use during pregnancy potentially harmful. CONCLUSIONS:In general, advising nonpregnant women who drink alcohol to have fewer than two drinks daily is strongly supported by the epidemiologic literature, although specific recommendations for a particular woman should depend on her medical history and risk factors. L ess than three quarters of women in the UnitedStates drink alcohol, and those who do drink consume fewer drinks and less absolute alcohol than men. 1 However, at similar levels of self-reported alcohol consumption, the risk of psychosocial problems or dependence is greater for women than men (for definitions, see Appendix A). [2][3][4][5][6] Women also appear to develop alcohol abuse and dependence after fewer years of drinking than men. 7 Although only 4% to 5% of women in the U.S. general population meet criteria for past-year alcohol abuse or dependence, 8,9 9% of female primary care patients in some studies have reported recent heavy drinking or alcohol-related problems. 10,11 Many heavy drinkers decrease consumption following brief interventions that include explicit advice about safe drinking limits. [12][13][14] In addition, offering feedback about specific risks or consequences of their drinking to patients who drink heavily can help motivate them to decrease alcohol consumption or seek treatment. 15,16 Physicians report they would be more likely to advise patients about safe drinking practices if they were more confident of their knowledge about safe levels of alcohol consumption. 17 Women who drink more than two drinks daily on average, or who frequently drink five or more d...

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Neuropsychological efficiency measures in male and female alcoholics.

Cited by 66 publications

References 19 publications

Smoking is associated with neurocognitive deficits in alcoholism☆

Smoking is associated with neurocognitive deficits in alcoholism☆

Contributions to Understanding the Neuropsychology of Alcoholism: An INS Legacy

Medical risks for women who drink alcohol

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