Neuropsychological function in children with hemophilia: A review of the Hemophilia Growth and Development Study and introduction of the current eTHINK study

Abstract

Almost all of what is known about neurologic and cognitive development in hemophilia derives from the Hemophilia Growth and Development Study, conducted during an era when treatment regimens and comorbidities differed significantly from the current environment. Results suggested hemophilia and human immunodeficiency virus had independent effects, and hemophilia negatively impacts academic achievement, attention, and behavior. The introduction of prophylaxis treatment in hemophilia has created the need for re‐evaluation of the effects of hemophilia on neurodevelopment and cognition. We outline the Evolving Treatment of Hemophilia's Impact on Neurodevelopment, Intelligence, and Other Cognitive Functions (NCT03660774) study, which aims to meet this need.

Screening for inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity in children with haemophilia: A quality improvement intervention

“…The QI project helped staff and caregivers gain awareness regarding how IN/HI can potentially impact patient outcomes. Significant inattention or hyperactivity can put children with haemophilia at higher risk of injury and undertreatment of bleeds with potential serious, long‐term consequences of chronic haemarthropathy and chronic pain 1–3 . A reliable method of screening that leads to early identification of IN/HI can facilitate early intervention in the school and home setting vital to the long‐term success of a child with a chronic illness 10 .…”

Clinical, neuroimaging, and behavioural risk factors for neurocognitive impairment in Chinese patients with haemophilia: A multicentre study

“…Published mean differences in cognitive scores among the latter population have ranged from 1.0 to 2.5 SDs. 4,5,27,28 Conservatively, to detect a 1.0 SD difference in scores between patients and controls with an α of 0.05 and power of 0.8, a sample size of 42 patients was required. a Only applicable to patients on prophylaxis treatment.…”

Pain in Hemophilia: Unexplored Role of Oxidative Stress

“…In addition to physical impairment (pain, hemophilic arthropathy, organ dysfunction), bleeding episodes in hemophilia often result in mental impairments leading to restriction in activities including school and social participation that affect education and QoL [ 27 ]. Joint pain in PWH is associated with reported dependency on pain-relieving drugs and depressive episodes [ 16 ].…”