Neuropsychological Functioning in Mid-life Treatment-Seeking Adults with Obesity: a Cross-sectional Study

Prickett, Christina; Stolwyk, Renerus J.; O'Brien, Paul Edmond; Brennan, Leah

doi:10.1007/s11695-017-2894-0

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Global performance for inhibitory control was similar for all groups in our sample, as measured by the Go/no-Go subtest from the TAP, and for flexibility as measured with the flexibility subtest from the same battery. Contrary to previous findings [29,30,[59][60][61], inhibitory control and mental flexibility capacities were similar regardless of weight status. In addition, the number of commission errors, omission errors and reaction times in the modified Affective Shifting Task revealed no significant differences according to weight status when participants were not primed with a non-attentively perceived food cue.…”

Section: Global Performancecontrasting

confidence: 99%

Implicit food odour priming effects on reactivity and inhibitory control towards foods

et al. 2020

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The food environment can interact with cognitive processing and influence eating behaviour. Our objective was to characterize the impact of implicit olfactory priming on inhibitory control towards food, in groups with different weight status. Ninety-one adults completed a modified Affective Shifting Task: they had to detect target stimuli and ignore distractor stimuli while being primed with non-attentively perceived odours. We measured reactivity and inhibitory control towards food pictures. Priming effects were observed on reactivity: participants with overweight and obesity were slower when primed with pear and pound cake odour respectively. Common inhibitory control patterns toward foods were observed between groups. We suggest that non-attentively perceived food cues influence bottom-up processing by activating distinguished mental representations according to weight status. Also, our data show that cognitive load influences inhibitory control toward foods. Those results contribute to understanding how the environment can influence eating behaviour in individuals with obesity.

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Section: Global Performancecontrasting

confidence: 99%

Implicit food odour priming effects on reactivity and inhibitory control towards foods

et al. 2020

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“…A converging body of work implicates excess adiposity as a contributing factor to poorer cognitive function across the lifespan . However, the identification of dietary factors with the potential to provide neuroprotection among populations with elevated weight status has been limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Defined as having a body mass index (BMI; kg m −2 ) greater than 25.0, individuals with overweight and obesity are at higher risk of exhibiting deficits in cognition, particularly executive function, than their healthy weight peers . Intriguingly, these deficits in cognitive function amongst individuals with overweight and obesity have been observed independently of obesity's clinical consequences such as type 2 diabetes, alterations in glycemic control, and metabolic risk factors . Thus, the introduction of lutein and zeaxanthin into diet may serve as a relatively cost‐effective approach to preventing, or delaying, cognitive impairments due to increased adiposity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Longer latencies of the N2 and the P3 in response to visual stimuli have been positively associated with cognitive decline, with potential amelioration with positive health behaviors such as a healthy diet . Previous work has also indicated that adults with overweight and/or obesity exhibit poorer performance during attentional and inhibitory control tasks . However, the extent to which macular xanthophylls may provide neuroprotective effects—as assessed by ERPs—among adults with elevated weight status has not been directly investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Macular Xanthophylls and Event‐Related Brain Potentials among Overweight Adults and Those with Obesity

Edwards

Walk

Cannavale

et al. 2019

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Scope Macular accumulation of xanthophyll carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin) is known to have neuroprotective potential, yet their influence on cognition among overweight adults and those with obesity remains limited. This study examines the impact of macular xanthophylls on attentional resource allocation and information processing speed among adults with BMI ≥ 25 kg m−2. Methods and Results Adults between 25 and 45 years (N = 101) complete heterochromatic flicker photometry to determine macular pigment optical density (MPOD). Event‐related brain potentials are recorded during a visual oddball task. Amplitude and latency of the N2 and P3 indexed attentional resource allocation and information processing speed. Covariates included age, sex, education, intelligence quotient (IQ), %Fat (DXA), and dietary lutein and zeaxanthin (Diet History Questionnaire II). MPOD is inversely related to P3 peak amplitude during standard trials and P3 peak latency during target trials. Therefore, individuals with higher MPOD dedicate fewer attentional resources when attentional demands are low while exhibiting faster information processing speed when attentional demands are increased. Further, MPOD is inversely related to the N2 mean amplitude during targets, signifying greater inhibitory control. Conclusion These findings are the first to link macular xanthophylls to neuroelectric indices of attentional and inhibitory control among adults with overweight and obesity.

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“…;Prickett, Stolwyk, O'Brien, & Brennan, 2018), although not all studies have found this relationship (for reviews seeHiggs & Spetter, 2018;Loprinzi & Frith, 2018;Prickett, Brennan, & Stolwyk, 2015). Neuroimaging studies also point to structural deficits and damage to memory associated areas being associated with overweight and obesity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Eating Behavior as a New Frontier in Memory Research

Seitz¹,

Tomiyama²,

Blaisdell³

2020

Preprint

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The study of memory is commonly associated with neuroscience, aging, education, and eyewitness testimony. Here we discuss how eating behavior is also heavily intertwined—and yet considerably understudied in its relation to memory processes. Both are influenced by similar neuroendocrine signals (e.g., leptin and ghrelin) and are dependent on hippocampal functions. While learning processes have long been implicated in influencing eating behavior, recent research has shed light on how memory of recent eating modulates future food consumption. In humans, overweight and obesity is associated with impaired memory performance, and studies in rodents (and to a lesser extent humans) show that dietary-induced obesity causes rapid decrements to memory. Lesions to the hippocampus not only disrupt memory, but also induce obesity, highlighting a cyclic relationship between obesity and memory impairment. Enhancing memory of eating has been shown to reduce future eating and yet, very little is known about what influences memory of eating or how memory of eating differs from memory for other behaviors. We discuss recent advancements in these areas and highlight fruitful research pursuits afforded by combining the study of memory with the study of eating behavior.

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Neuropsychological Functioning in Mid-life Treatment-Seeking Adults with Obesity: a Cross-sectional Study

Cited by 20 publications

References 47 publications

Implicit food odour priming effects on reactivity and inhibitory control towards foods

Implicit food odour priming effects on reactivity and inhibitory control towards foods

Macular Xanthophylls and Event‐Related Brain Potentials among Overweight Adults and Those with Obesity

Eating Behavior as a New Frontier in Memory Research

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