Neuropsychological functioning in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Are executive functions the key deficit?

Kashyap, Himani; Kumar, J. Keshav; Thennarasu, Kandavel; Reddy, Y. C. Janardhan

doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.12.003

Cited by 87 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Investigating the neuroimaging examinations showed significant increase in neural activity and metabolism of the frontal and prefrontal cortex during Wisconsin test, for example [34]. In accordance with previous studies [6,8,20,35], the results from the present research have shown that OCD patients perform poorer in performance test. Some researchers have mentioned that the lower number of completed categories in Wisconsin test may be related to the problem in organization.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…These results are in agreement with previous researches [29,30]. To explain this finding, it can be said that the executive function deficits may be related to the problems in organization and strategization of the cognitive stimuli and resources for achieving the highest efficiency [6]. Planning is an executive function, which is usually assessed by the Tower of London test.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The most investigated deficits of executive functions in OCD patients, compared to normal people, are as follows: conflict resolution/inhibitory response, set shifting, nonverbal memory, fluency, planning, decision-making, spatial working memory, attention, processing speed and verbal memory organization [6]. The findings about the contribution of poor executive function in OCD are contradictory [4,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…It means that the problem is due to the exposure to new situations. Therefore, the role of supervisory attention system (SAS) [31] in response to unusual situations [6] can be mentioned. Therefore, insignificance difference in the present study may support above hypothesis maintaining that planning and problem solving are not difficult tasks for the OCD patients to accomplish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The findings about the contribution of poor executive function in OCD are contradictory [4,6]. Insight is one of the most important variables which are capable of distinguishing between OCD patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Comparison of Executive Function in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Patients With Good Insight, Poor Insight and Healthy People

Toobaei

Shairi

Shams

et al. 2015

Zahedan J Res Med Sci

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Background: This research seeks to make a comparison between executive functions of the obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) patients, with poor and high insight levels and normal people. Patients and Methods: In this casual comparative study, 22 OCD patients with high insight level, 5 OCD patients with poor insight level (based on YBOCS' 11th item score) and 23 normal subjects were selected using convenience sampling technique. The subjects were evaluated using two groups of clinical and neuropsychiatric instruments. The clinical instruments included Y-BOCS, BDI-II and GHQ-12. The executive functions were assessed using the Tower of London test, the Stroop and the Wisconsin Card Sorting tests. Results:The obtained results showed a significant difference between OCD patients and normal people in a number of executive functions. However, comparison between OCD patients with high and poor insight levels showed no significant difference in the executive functions variables. Conclusions: Executive functions (EF) may contribute to the psychopathology of OCD. Therefore examining EF can play an important role in assessment and treatment of OCD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Comparison of Executive Function in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Patients With Good Insight, Poor Insight and Healthy People

Toobaei

Shairi

Shams

et al. 2015

Zahedan J Res Med Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Obsessive‐Compulsive and Related Disorders

2018

Adult Psychopathology and Diagnosis, Eighth Edition

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Abnormalities of white matter microstructure in unmedicated patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder: Changes after cognitive behavioral therapy

et al. 2019

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Background Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Structural and functional white matter defects may suggest a vital neurobiological basis of OCD. However, the effects of CBT on white matter in OCD remain unknown. Objective The aim was to investigate white matter changes and the effect of CBT on white matter in OCD patients. Methods Fractional anisotropy (FA) maps were acquired using DTI. Participants included 85 patients with OCD and 90 healthy controls. VBM was then performed to detect regions with significant group differences. Results Obsessive–compulsive disorder patients exhibited significantly reduced FA values in bilateral OFC, right cerebellum, and left SPG, while higher FA values were observed in right PUT compared with healthy controls. Following CBT, OCD patients showed higher FA values in right MFG, left OFC, right cerebellum, and left MTG, and decreased FA values in right PUT in comparison with pretreatment. Furthermore, FA values in the left OFC of patients were significantly positively correlated with the Y‐BOCS and its associated Compulsions subscale, and FA values in the right PUT were positively correlated with Compulsions subscale. In addition, the percentage change in FA values in left MTG was positively correlated with the percentage reduction in Compulsions subscale, while the percentage change in FA values in left OFC and right PUT was negatively correlated with the percentage reductions in Obsessive and Compulsions subscale, respectively. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate the abnormalities of white matter microstructure in unmedicated patients with OCD. These abnormalities may be partly reversed by CBT.

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Neuropsychological functioning in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Are executive functions the key deficit?

Cited by 87 publications

References 69 publications

Comparison of Executive Function in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Patients With Good Insight, Poor Insight and Healthy People

Comparison of Executive Function in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Patients With Good Insight, Poor Insight and Healthy People

Obsessive‐Compulsive and Related Disorders

Abnormalities of white matter microstructure in unmedicated patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder: Changes after cognitive behavioral therapy

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