Neuropsychological functioning of first-episode schizophreniform patients

Hoff, Anne L.; Riordan, Henry; O'Donnell, Donald W.; Morris, Laurette; DeLisi, Lynn E.

doi:10.1176/ajp.149.7.898

Cited by 278 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The majority of patients with schizophrenia function at a cognitive level of at least one standard deviation below that of healthy comparison groups (3, 4). Together with a global impairment in cognitive function, specific domains show greater dysfunction, such as episodic memory, working memory, and executive function (5, 6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Cognitive Function in First-Episode Psychosis, Including a Discussion on Childhood Trauma, Stress, and Inflammation

et al. 2014

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Objective: To carry out a systematic review of the literature addressing cognitive functions in first-episode psychosis (FEP), divided into domains. Although this is not a full “cognitive-genetics-in-schizophrenia review,” we will also include putative ideas of mechanism(s) behind these impairments, focusing on how early stress, and genetic vulnerability may moderate cognitive function in psychosis.Method: Relevant studies were identified via computer literature searches for research published up to and including January 2013, only case-control studies were included for the neurocognitive meta-analysis.Results: Patients with FEP present global cognitive impairment compared to healthy controls. The largest effect size was observed for verbal memory (Cohen’s d effect size = 2.10), followed by executive function (effect size = 1.86), and general IQ (effect size = 1.71). However, effect sizes varied between studies.Conclusion: Cognitive impairment across domains, up to severe level based on Cohen’s effect size, is present already in FEP studies. However, differences in levels of impairment are observed between studies, as well as within domains, indicating that further consolidation of cognitive impairment over the course of illness may be present. Cognitive abnormalities may be linked to a neurodevelopmental model including increased sensitivity to the negative effect of stress, as well as genetic vulnerability. More research on this field is needed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Cognitive Function in First-Episode Psychosis, Including a Discussion on Childhood Trauma, Stress, and Inflammation

et al. 2014

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“…Cognitive impairment is present in first-episode schizophrenia (FESz; (Addington and Addington, 2002; Barder et al, 2013a; Gold et al, 1999; Hoff et al, 1999; Mohamed et al, 1999), and likely precedes the onset of illness in an attenuated form (Cornblatt et al, 1999; Hawkins et al, 2004; Lencz et al, 2006; Lewandowski et al, 2011; Seidman et al, 2010; Simon et al, 2007). However, the findings have been mixed regarding the magnitude of cognitive impairment in FESz compared to CSz, with some studies reporting negligible differences between FESz and CSz (e.g., (Hoff et al, 1992), and others reporting less impairment in FESz relative to CSz, at least on some cognitive tests (e.g., (Addington and Addington, 2002; Albus et al, 1996; Braw et al, 2008; Saykin et al, 1994; Townsend and Norman, 2004). Hence, the pattern and severity of impairment in FESz across cognitive domains remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive functioning in first-episode schizophrenia: MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) Profile of Impairment

McCleery¹,

Ventura²,

Kern³

et al. 2014

Schizophrenia Research

108

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Background Although many studies have assessed cognitive functioning in first-episode schizophrenia (FESz), the pattern and severity of impairment across cognitive domains remains unclear. Moreover, few studies have directly compared the pattern of cognitive performance between FESz and chronic schizophrenia (CSz). In this study we examined the cognitive impairment profile in FESz using a standardized neurocognitive battery (MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery; MCCB). Methods MCCB data were compared from 105 FESz patients, 176 CSz patients and 300 non-psychiatric (NP) participants. Mixed models analysis evaluated group differences in MCCB profiles and relative strengths and weaknesses in the MCCB profiles of patients. Clinical implications of MCCB performance were also examined; we compared the proportion of participants from each group who exhibited clinically-significant global cognitive impairment based on the MCCB Overall Composite score. Results FESz and CSz showed impaired performance across all MCCB domains relative to NP. With the exception of relative preservation of working memory and social cognition in FESz, the MCCB domain scores were similar in FESz and CSz. The distribution of impairment on the Overall Composite score did not significantly differ between FESz and CSz; compared to NP, both patient groups were overrepresented in moderate and severe impairment categories. Conclusion The pattern, magnitude, and distribution of severity of impairment in FESz were similar to that observed in CSz. However, early in the illness there may be relative sparing of working memory and social cognition.

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“…Memory is the cognitive domain showing the most pronounced deficits; with working memory and episodic memory appearing to be primarily affected [22,23,24]. Importantly, the deficits are not just due to distractive positive symptoms, poor concentration or medication effects [25,26,27]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory Deficits in Schizophrenia: A Selective Review of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Studies

Kraguljac

Srivastava

Lahti

2013

Behavioral Sciences

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Schizophrenia is a complex chronic mental illness that is characterized by positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. Cognitive deficits are most predictive of long-term outcomes, with abnormalities in memory being the most robust finding. The advent of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has allowed exploring neural correlates of memory deficits in vivo. In this article, we will give a selective review of fMRI studies probing brain regions and functional networks that are thought to be related to abnormal memory performance in two memory systems prominently affected in schizophrenia; working memory and episodic memory. We revisit the classic “hypofrontality” hypothesis of working memory deficits and explore evidence for frontotemporal dysconnectivity underlying episodic memory abnormalities. We conclude that fMRI studies of memory deficits in schizophrenia are far from universal. However, the current literature does suggest that alterations are not isolated to a few brain regions, but are characterized by abnormalities within large-scale brain networks.

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Neuropsychological functioning of first-episode schizophreniform patients

Abstract: These findings suggest that substantial cognitive deficits, comparable to those of chronic patients, are present early in the course of psychotic illness.

Cited by 278 publications

References 26 publications

A Systematic Review of Cognitive Function in First-Episode Psychosis, Including a Discussion on Childhood Trauma, Stress, and Inflammation

A Systematic Review of Cognitive Function in First-Episode Psychosis, Including a Discussion on Childhood Trauma, Stress, and Inflammation

Cognitive functioning in first-episode schizophrenia: MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) Profile of Impairment

Memory Deficits in Schizophrenia: A Selective Review of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Studies

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