Neuropsychological Performance in Children and Adolescents with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Influence of Clinical Variables

Andrés, Susana Marqués; Boget, Teresa; Lázaro, Luisa; Penadés, Rafael; Morer, Àstrid; Salamero, Manel; Castro‐Fornieles, Josefina

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.07.027

Cited by 81 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The level of empirical investigation described herein is made possible via recruitment of a sample size (n 5 63) nearly double that of earlier efforts. [8] Taken together, these findings suggest that participants diagnosed with OCD who responded well to treatment demonstrated significantly better percent recall at pre-treatment than nonresponders even after controlling for symptoms of ADHD. When data were analyzed further, results suggested that nonresponders receiving CBT alone demonstrated more impaired performance than responders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Discrepancy between available empirical evidence and small sample sizes highlights the need for additional research in this area. [12] Given recent findings by Andres et al [8] and similar findings within the adult OCD literature, further examination as to the role executive functioning (i.e., organizational ability) plays in OCD is warranted.…”

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confidence: 75%

“…[34] Data collected herein also contradict earlier research suggesting the absence of a relationship between participant age, symptom severity, and NP functioning. [8] Also, descriptive data suggest that a sizeable proportion of youths with OCD experience weaknesses on copy accuracy of the ROCF. The level of empirical investigation described herein is made possible via recruitment of a sample size (n 5 63) nearly double that of earlier efforts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an exploratory analysis, this study will also examine whether differences are more marked among children receiving CBT alone, pharmacotherapy alone, or combination (i.e., CBT1pharmacotherapy). Finally, to provide some basis for comparison to earlier research, [8] we will also examine the relationship between symptom severity, and NP functioning.…”

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confidence: 98%

“…[7] However, few studies have examined these impairments in youths. [8][9][10] Recently, Andres et al [8] compared the NP functioning of 35 youths with OCD to that of 35 age-and gender-matched controls.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The impact of neuropsychological functioning on treatment outcome in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder

et al. 2010

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Although alternative explanations exist, these findings suggest that poorer performance on the ROCF and, in turn, poorer response to treatment, particularly among those youths receiving CBT alone, may be due to executive functioning difficulties. Clinicians and researchers should be sensitive to this fact and may warrant modification(s) to existing treatment protocols. Limitations to this study, however, suggest the need for replication and extension of these findings in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 98%

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confidence: 99%

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The impact of neuropsychological functioning on treatment outcome in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder

et al. 2010

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Association of Environmental Uncertainty With Altered Decision-making and Learning Mechanisms in Youths With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Marzuki

Tomić

et al. 2021

JAMA Netw Open

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IMPORTANCE Adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) display perseverative behavior in stable environments but exhibit vacillating choice when payoffs are uncertain. These findings may be associated with intolerance of uncertainty and compulsive behaviors; however, little is known about the mechanisms underlying learning and decision-making in youths with OCD because research into this population has been limited. OBJECTIVE To investigate cognitive mechanisms associated with decision-making in youths withOCD by using executive functioning tasks and computational modeling. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSIn this cross-sectional study, 50 youths with OCD (patients) and 53 healthy participants (controls) completed a probabilistic reversal learning (PRL) task between January 2014 and March 2020. A separate sample of 27 patients and 46 controls completed the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) between January 2018 and November 2020. The study took place at the University of Cambridge in the UK. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Decision-making mechanisms were studied by fitting hierarchical bayesian reinforcement learning models to the 2 data sets and comparing model parameters between participant groups. Model parameters included reward and punishment learning rates (feedback sensitivity), reinforcement sensitivity and decision consistency (exploitation), and stickiness (perseveration). Associations of receipt of serotonergic medication with performance were assessed. RESULTS In total, 50 patients (29 female patients [58%]; median age, 16.6 years [IQR, 15.3-18.0 years]) and 53 controls (30 female participants [57%]; median age, 16.4 years [IQR, 14.8-18.0 years]) completed the PRL task. A total of 27 patients (18 female patients [67%]; median age, 16.1 years [IQR, 15.2-17.2 years]) and 46 controls (28 female participants [61%]; median age, 17.2 [IQR, 16.3-17.6 years]) completed the WCST. During the reversal phase of the PRL task, patients made fewer correct responses (mean [SD] proportion: 0.83 [0.16] for controls and 0.61 [0.31] for patients; 95% CI, −1.31 to −0.64) and switched choices more often following false-negative feedback (mean [SD] proportion: 0.09 [0.16] for controls vs 0.27 [0.34] for patients; 95% CI, 0.60-1.26) and true-positive feedback (mean [SD] proportion: 0.93 [0.17] for controls vs 0.73 [0.34] for patients; 95% CI, −2.17 to −1.31). Computational modeling revealed that patients displayed enhanced reward learning rates (mean difference [MD], 0.21; 95% highest density interval [HDI], 0.04-0.38) but decreased punishment learning rates (MD, −0.29; 95% HDI, −0.39 to −0.18), reinforcement sensitivity (MD, −4.91; 95% HDI, −9.38 to −1.12), and stickiness (MD, −0.35; 95% HDI, −0.57 to −0.11) compared with controls. There were no group differences on standard WCST measures and computational model parameters. However, patients who received serotonergic medication showed slower response times (mean [SD], 1420.49 [279.71] milliseconds for controls, 1471.42 [212.81] milliseconds for (continued) Key Points Questio...

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Psychological Models and Treatments for OCD in Children

Przeworski¹,

Birnkrant²

2017

The Wiley Handbook of Obsessive Compulsive Disorders

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Neuropsychological Performance in Children and Adolescents with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Influence of Clinical Variables

Cited by 81 publications

References 26 publications

The impact of neuropsychological functioning on treatment outcome in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder

The impact of neuropsychological functioning on treatment outcome in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder

Association of Environmental Uncertainty With Altered Decision-making and Learning Mechanisms in Youths With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Psychological Models and Treatments for OCD in Children

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