Neuropsychological performance in young adults with cannabis use disorder

Selamoglu, Ayla; Langley, Christelle; Crean, Rebecca D.; Savulich, George; Cormack, Francesca; Sahakian, Barbara J.; Mason, Barbara J.

doi:10.1177/02698811211050548

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…However, conclusions from cross-sectional studies focused on EFs in adolescent and young-adult cannabis users remain equivocal. Although some find that relative to nonusers, adolescent and young-adult cannabis users exhibit worse performance on lab-based neurocognitive tasks assessing EFs (Behan et al, 2014; Lahanas & Cservenka, 2019; Selamoglu et al, 2021), others find they perform similarly (Cavalli & Cservenka, 2020; Costa Porfirio et al, 2020; Hooper et al, 2014). One possible explanation for these mixed results may be the lack of adjustment for relevant confounds and for EF prior to cannabis use, in particular.…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ratings of executive function as a risk factor for adolescents’ frequent cannabis use: A prospective longitudinal study.

Cavalli¹,

Cservenka²,

Kerr³

et al. 2023

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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Objective: We examined the extent to which behavioral ratings of children's executive function (EF) in early adolescence predicted adolescents' cannabis use, and whether associations were independent of parents' cannabis and alcohol use and adolescents' alcohol use. Method: Participants were 198 offspring (44% boys) of 127 mothers and 106 fathers. Parents and teachers completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) at ages 11-14 years. Youth were interviewed repeatedly from ages 14 to 20 years regarding frequency of cannabis and alcohol use. Two-level models regressed dichotomous cannabis outcomes (annual, weekly, or daily use) on age at the within-person level and the random intercept of cannabis use on EF, parent substance use, and covariates (age 7 IQ indicators, child gender, parent education, and mean of ages assessed) at the between-person level. Results: Poorer child EF predicted significantly ( p < .05) higher likelihood of weekly (b[SE] = .64[.24]) and daily (b[SE] = .65[.25]), but not annual (b[SE] = .38[.22]), cannabis use. Parent cannabis use (b[SE] = .53[.25] to .81[.39], p < .05) independently predicted all three outcomes, and effects were distinct from those explained by parent alcohol use (b[SE] = .66[.29] to .81[.35], p < .05). EF remained a significant predictor of weekly and daily cannabis use after adjusting for parental alcohol and cannabis use, and adolescents' alcohol use. Conclusions: Children exhibiting poorer EF were more likely to use cannabis weekly and daily in later adolescence.Whereas literature suggests poorer EF may be a consequence of cannabis use, these findings suggest EF should be considered prior to cannabis use initiation. EF during childhood may be a fruitful prevention target. Public Health Significance StatementThis study shows that older children with poorer executive function (EF)-a subset of cognitive abilities that continue developing into early adulthood-are more likely to use cannabis during adolescence and to do so weekly or daily. This is important because prior research has suggested poorer EF is a consequence of cannabis use, whereas this study indicates poorer EF may occur before youth have even tried cannabis.

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Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ratings of executive function as a risk factor for adolescents’ frequent cannabis use: A prospective longitudinal study.

Cavalli¹,

Cservenka²,

Kerr³

et al. 2023

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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“…While previous studies have discerned poorer learning from errors in chronic cannabis users [ 22 , 24 ], our results suggest that this relationship may be dependent on factors beyond cannabis use status alone. Age of onset, in particular, has previously been found to be associated with poorer behavioural performance in cannabis users [ 14 , 44 ]. A clinical implication of these findings is that earlier use of cannabis may be an important predictor of impairments in learning from errors that may be associated with treatment outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic cannabis use and error awareness: The effect on learning from errors

2023

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Background Cannabis is the third most commonly used drug worldwide, with studies suggesting a deleterious effect on some aspects of performance monitoring. It is unknown, however, whether diminished error awareness influences adaptive behaviour in cannabis users. Therefore, this study examined the effect of error awareness on learning from errors in cannabis users. Methods Thirty-six chronic cannabis users (Mage = 23.81 years; female, 36%) and 34 controls (Mage = 21.53 years; female, 76%) completed a Go/No-Go task that allowed participants to learn from errors and adapt their behaviour. Multilevel models were specified to determine whether the effect of error awareness on learning from errors differs between cannabis users and controls, and whether cannabis-use measures predict error correction while accounting for error awareness. Results While error awareness and correction rates did not differ between the groups, there was a significant effect of age of use onset on error correction in cannabis users. Further, the effect of error awareness was dependent on age of onset, and cannabis use-related frequency and harm. That is, cannabis users reporting an earlier age of regular use or scoring higher on the cannabis use index were less likely to perform correctly following an aware error. Conclusion It appears overall cannabis use might not be tightly coupled to behavioural indices of performance monitoring. There is evidence, however, that aspects of cannabis use predict impairments in learning from errors that may be associated with treatment outcomes.

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“…it interferes with everyday functioning) may overwhelm the benefits of moderate use. 56 While lifetime use disorders of stimulants and 'any' substances related to worse neurocognitive trajectories, both weakened in multivariable models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twelve-year neurocognitive decline in HIV is associated with comorbidities, not age: a CHARTER study

Heaton

Ellis

Tang

et al. 2022

Brain

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Modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased longevity of people with HIV (PWH) and shifted the age distribution of the HIV pandemic upward toward that of the general population. This positive development has also led to concerns about premature and/or accelerated neurocognitive and physical aging due to the combined effects of chronic HIV, accumulating comorbidities, adverse effects or possible toxicities of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and biological aging. Here we present results of comprehensive assessments over 12 years of 402 PWH in the CNS HIV ART Effects Research (CHARTER) program, who at follow-up were composed of younger (<60 years) and older (≥60 years) subgroups. Over the 12 years, ART use and viral suppression increased in both subgroups as did systemic and psychiatric comorbidities; participants in both subgroups also evidenced neurocognitive decline beyond what is expected in typical aging. Contrary to expectations, all these adverse effects were comparable in the younger and older CHARTER subgroups, and unrelated to chronological age. Neurocognitive decline was unrelated to HIV disease or treatment characteristics but was significantly predicted by the presence of comorbid conditions, specifically diabetes, hypertension, chronic pulmonary disease, frailty, neuropathic pain, depression, and lifetime history of cannabis use disorder. These results are not consistent with premature or accelerated neurocognitive aging due to HIV itself but suggest important indirect effects of multiple, potentially treatable comorbidities that are more common among PWH than in the general population. Good medical management of HIV disease did not prevent these adverse outcomes, and increased attention to a range of comorbid conditions in PWH may be warranted in their care.

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Neuropsychological performance in young adults with cannabis use disorder

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

Ratings of executive function as a risk factor for adolescents’ frequent cannabis use: A prospective longitudinal study.

Ratings of executive function as a risk factor for adolescents’ frequent cannabis use: A prospective longitudinal study.

Chronic cannabis use and error awareness: The effect on learning from errors

Twelve-year neurocognitive decline in HIV is associated with comorbidities, not age: a CHARTER study

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