Neuropsychological perspectives on delinquency

Miller, Laurence

doi:10.1002/bsl.2370060309

Cited by 37 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Some studies propose that neuropsychological difficulties on attention or executive functions have a direct effect on the appearance of criminal behaviour (see Moffitt, 1990 for a review of these studies), because of a failure to understand social cues that produces inadequate or violent responses (Miller, 1988;Yeudall, Fromm-Auch, & Davies, 1982). The findings of the present study do not support this notion, since there was a group of adolescents that had difficulties on cognitive inhibition and at the same time had no criminal history.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Analysis of cognitive inhibition and flexibility in juvenile delinquents

Borrani

Frías

Ortiz

et al. 2014

The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology

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Executive functions are still developing during adolescence. It is important to analyse if juvenile delinquency is related to a delay in the development of these functions. The objective of this study was to analyse cognitive inhibition and flexibility, two components of executive functions, in juvenile delinquents. Participants were 81 males, 17.46 ± 1.60 years old. Three groups were compared: a juvenile delinquent inmate group (IG), an agepaired group (APG), and an age-and education-paired group (AEPG). A modified Stroop task was used to assess cognitive inhibition and flexibility. The IG and the AEPG (low-education adolescents) had significantly more difficulties than the APG on inhibition; the IG and the AEPG had no significant differences. No group differences were found on flexibility. Since all low-education adolescents have difficulties on inhibition, these difficulties are not an exclusive characteristic of juvenile delinquents. Analysis of cognitive processes in juvenile delinquents must control for education to determine how specific are the difficulties found in these adolescents.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Analysis of cognitive inhibition and flexibility in juvenile delinquents

Borrani

Frías

Ortiz

et al. 2014

The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology

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“…Such an approach could eventually dovetail with current investigations of dynamic and clinical risk indicators associated with violence, physical aggression, and criminal recidivism (Brown, St. Amand, & Zamble, 2009). Hypotheses were developed after a thorough literature review examined evidence of aggression subtypes in animal biology (Gregg & Siegel, 2001;Moyer, 1976;Valzelli, 1981), human lesion studies (Damasio, Tranel, & Damasio, 1990;Stuss & Benson, 1984), and social psychological research (Crick & Dodge, 1996;Dodge & Coie, 1987) and among antisocial populations, including both delinquents (Miller, 1988;Moffit, Lynam, & Silva, 1994) and psychopaths (Blair, Colledge, & Mitchell, 2001;Lapierre, Braun, & Hodgins, 1995). Supportive evidence was also reported in recent neuroimaging studies that have found prefrontal hypoactivation in impulsive individuals who commit irritable but not premeditated acts of aggression (Raine et al, 1998(Raine et al, , 2000Soderstrom, Tullberg, Wikkelsö, Ekholm, & Forsman, 2000).…”

Section: Rationale For the Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological and Personality Characteristics of Predatory, Irritable, and Nonviolent Offenders

Levi

Nussbaum

Rich

2010

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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This article represents an initial attempt to adapt the three most relevant components of Moyer’s animal aggression typology to humans. These include predatory (unemotional, goal-directed), irritable (anger-based), and defensive (fear-based) aggression. As different brain networks are likely involved, the authors hypothesized that executive function and personality tests could differentiate violent from nonviolent criminals and discriminate the types originally classified on the basis of criminal history. Discriminant analyses correctly classified 80% of the violent and nonviolent groups and 74% of the predatory and irritable groups. Of theoretical salience, the predatory group resembled the unimpaired nonviolent group only on the cognitive Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test but was indistinguishable from the impaired irritable aggression group on the Iowa Gambling, suggesting inhibitory deficits primarily in the face of reward opportunity. Implications for the theory and application to risk assessment are discussed.

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“…Verbal deficits have been frequently found, while evidence for executive dysfunctions varies (Henry & Moffitt , 1997;Teichner & Golden, 2000). Studies have indicated characteristic deficits in skills that require verbal mediation, conceptual integration, impulse control, anticipation of consequences of actions, and utilization of feedback to modify response patterns (Miller, 1988;Coolidge, Reilman, Becker, & Cass, 1992). Relatively inconsistent findings have been found for visuospatial, sensory, and motor deficits (Teichner & Golden, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological Executive Functions of Adolescent Sex Offenders and Nonsex Offenders

Veneziano

LeGrand

et al. 2004

Percept Mot Skills

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A growing body of research now suggests that a substantial number of criminal offenders display neuropsychological deficits, especially frontal-executive dysfunctions. The present study investigated the possibility of similar deficits by comparing the performance of 60 adolescent sex offenders court-ordered to a residential treatment facility with the performance of 60 nonsexual delinquent offenders matched on several pertinent sociodemographic characteristics and scores on four neuropsychological tests: (1) the Trail Making Test, (2) the Controlled Oral Word Association test of the Multilingual Aphasia Examination, (3) the Tower of London, and (4) the Wisconsin Card-sorting Test. Analysis indicated a pattern of frontal-executive dysfunction in a subset of both groups of offenders; this pattern has both theoretical and treatment implications.

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Neuropsychological perspectives on delinquency

Cited by 37 publications

References 60 publications

Analysis of cognitive inhibition and flexibility in juvenile delinquents

Analysis of cognitive inhibition and flexibility in juvenile delinquents

Neuropsychological and Personality Characteristics of Predatory, Irritable, and Nonviolent Offenders

Neuropsychological Executive Functions of Adolescent Sex Offenders and Nonsex Offenders

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