Neuropsychologists’ ability to predict distorted symptom presentation

Dandachi-FitzGerald, Brechje; Merckelbach, Harald; Ponds, Rudolf

doi:10.1080/13803395.2016.1223278

Cited by 60 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The psychologist misclassified 44% of the student simulators as having ADHD and 11% of them as being normal. Furthermore, in general, studies have indicated psychologists and psychiatrists are over confident in their ability to identify invalid cognitive and behavioral symptom presentations in their review of patient's clinical histories and cognitive testing (Dandachi-Fitzgerald, Merckelbach, & Ponds, 2017;Faust, Hart, Guilmette, & Arkes, 1988, Heaton, Smith, Lehman, & Vogt, 1978.…”

Section: Diagnostic Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in young adults: A qualitative review of the utility of assessment measures and recommendations for improving the diagnostic process

Marshall

Hoelzle

Nikolas

2019

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Identify assessment measures that augment the clinical interview and improve the diagnostic accuracy of adult ADHD assessment. Method: The sometimes limited research literatures concerning the diagnostic efficacies of the clinical interview, standard and novel ADHD behavior rating scales, performance and symptom validity testing, and cognitive tests are critically reviewed. Results: Based on this qualitative review, both clinical interviews alone and ADHD behavior rating scales alone have adequate sensitivity but poor specificity in diagnosing ADHD. Response validity and symptom validity tests have reasonably good sensitivity and very good specificity in detecting invalid symptom presentation. Cognitive test batteries have inadequate sensitivity and specificity in identifying ADHD. Using cognitive tests in conjunction with behavior rating scales significantly improves the specificity of an assessment battery. Executive function behavior rating scales and functional impairment rating scales are unlikely to improve the diagnostic accuracy of ADHD assessment. Conclusions: Based on this review, key clinical interview questions, behavior rating scales, symptom validity tests, and cognitive tests that have promise to enhance current assessment practices are recommended. These are the authors' personal opinions, not consensus standards, or guidelines promulgated by any organization. These measures are incorporated in a practical, somewhat abbreviated, battery that has the potential to improve clinicians' ability to diagnose adult ADHD.

show abstract

Section: Diagnostic Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in young adults: A qualitative review of the utility of assessment measures and recommendations for improving the diagnostic process

Marshall

Hoelzle

Nikolas

2019

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Because unstructured clinical evaluations of symptom validity have a poor track record, with error rates often exceeding 20% (e.g. Dandachi-FitzGerald, Merckelbach, & Ponds, 2017;Resnick & Harris, 2002;Rosen & Phillips, 2004), neuropsychologists developed tasks and tests that may help to detect poor symptom validity (Sweet & Guidotti Breting, 2013). These tools have now become an essential derived from the SRSI is the ratio of endorsed pseudosymptoms to endorsed genuine symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Self-Report Symptom Inventory (SRSI) is sensitive to instructed feigning, but not to genuine psychopathology in male forensic inpatients: An initial study

Helvoort

Merten

2019

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: The Self-Report Symptom Inventory (SRSI) is a new symptom validity test that, unlike other symptom over-reporting measures, contains both genuine symptom and pseudosymptom scales. We tested whether its pseudosymptom scale is sensitive to genuine psychopathology and evaluated its discriminant validity in an instructed feigning experiment that relied on carefully selected forensic inpatients (n ¼ 40). Method: We administered the SRSI twice: we instructed patients to respond honestly to the SRSI (T1) and then to exaggerate their symptoms in a convincing way (T2). Results: On T1, the pseudosymptom scale was insensitive to patients' actual psychopathology. Two patients (5%) had scores exceeding the liberal cut point (specificity ¼ 0.95) and no patient scored above the more stringent cut point (specificity ¼ 1.0). Also, the SRSI cut scores and ratio index discriminated well between honest (T1) and exaggerated (T2) responses (AUCs were 0.98 and 0.95, respectively). Conclusions: Given the relatively few false positives, our data suggest that the pseudosymptom scale of the SRSI is a useful measure of symptom over-reporting in forensic treatment settings.

show abstract

“…In general, the credibility of the symptoms and test performance of an individual patient is determined by the clinician relative to all of the available information (i.e., information from the interview with the patient, his/her behavioral presentation during the assessment, and the scientific knowledge of patterns and severity of cognitive disorders associated with the clinical condition). This determination of the credibility of the neuropsychological test results is improved by the employment and consideration of validity tests, compared to clinical judgment alone (Dandachi-FitzGerald, Merckelbach, & Ponds, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feedback on underperformance in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: The impact on subsequent neuropsychological test performance

Roor

Knoop

Dandachi-FitzGerald

et al. 2018

Applied Neuropsychology: Adult

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Performance Validity Tests (PVTs) are used to measure the credibility of neuropsychological test results. Until now, however, a minimal amount is known about the effects of feedback upon noncredible results (i.e., underperformance) on subsequent neuropsychological test performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of feedback on underperformance in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) patients. A subset of these patients received feedback on Amsterdam Short-Term Memory (ASTM) failure (i.e., feedback [FB] group). After matching, the final sample consisted of two comparable groups (i.e., FB and No FB; both n ¼ 33). At baseline and follow-up assessment, the patients completed the ASTM and two measurements of information processing speed (Complex Reaction Time [CRT] and Symbol Digit Test [SDT]). Results indicated that the patients in the FB group improved significantly on the CRT, compared to the No FB group. Although not significant, a comparable trend-like effect was observed for the SDT. Independent of the feedback intervention there was a substantial improvement on ASTM performance at re-administration. A limited feedback intervention upon underperformance in CFS patients may result in improvement on information processing speed performance. This implies that such an intervention might be clinically relevant, since it maximizes the potential of examining the patients' actual level of cognitive abilities.

show abstract

Neuropsychologists’ ability to predict distorted symptom presentation

Cited by 60 publications

References 28 publications

Diagnosing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in young adults: A qualitative review of the utility of assessment measures and recommendations for improving the diagnostic process

Diagnosing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in young adults: A qualitative review of the utility of assessment measures and recommendations for improving the diagnostic process

The Self-Report Symptom Inventory (SRSI) is sensitive to instructed feigning, but not to genuine psychopathology in male forensic inpatients: An initial study

Feedback on underperformance in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: The impact on subsequent neuropsychological test performance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About