Neurorepair and Regeneration of the Brain: A Decade of Bioscaffolds and Engineered Microtissue

Zamproni, Laura N.; Mundim, Mayara Vieira; Porcionatto, Marimélia

doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.649891

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…It has been observed that neurons are more prone to thrive when the elastic modulus of a hydrogel is similar to the soft ECM of the brain, whereas astrocytes behave better on stiff substrates [27]. Softer hydrogels induce increased neuronal sprouting as compared to harder hydrogels which lead to neural gliosis [28]. Axonal tips also advance faster on softer hydrogels and appear to retreat from harder areas on a scaffold.…”

Section: Rheological Characterisation Of the Crosslinking Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genipin-Crosslinked, Proteosaccharide Scaffolds for Potential Neural Tissue Engineering Applications

et al. 2022

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Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are still a challenge for the field of modern medicine. Many treatment options such as autologous grafts and stem cells show limited promise for the treatment and the reversibility of damage caused by TBIs. Injury beyond the critical size necessitates the implementation of scaffolds that function as surrogate extracellular matrices. Two scaffolds were synthesised utilising polysaccharides, chitosan and hyaluronic acid in conjunction with gelatin. Both scaffolds were chemically crosslinked using a naturally derived crosslinker, Genipin. The polysaccharides increased the mechanical strength of each scaffold, while gelatin provided the bioactive sequence, which promoted cellular interactions. The effect of crosslinking was investigated, and the crosslinked hydrogels showed higher thermal decomposition temperatures, increased resistance to degradation, and pore sizes ranging from 72.789 ± 16.85 µm for the full interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) and 84.289 ± 7.658 μm for the semi-IPN. The scaffolds were loaded with Dexamethasone-21-phosphate to investigate their efficacy as a drug delivery vehicle, and the full IPN showed a 100% release in 10 days, while the semi-IPN showed a burst release in 6 h. Both scaffolds stimulated the proliferation of rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) and human glioblastoma multiforme (A172) cell cultures and also provided signals for A172 cell migration. Both scaffolds can be used as potential drug delivery vehicles and as artificial extracellular matrices for potential neural regeneration.

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Section: Rheological Characterisation Of the Crosslinking Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genipin-Crosslinked, Proteosaccharide Scaffolds for Potential Neural Tissue Engineering Applications

et al. 2022

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“…It is imperative to understand that after an external CNS damage or impact, the stimulation and start of neurogenesis is important along with the suppression of the growth-inhibiting processes of the biological response to injury (Urbán and Guillemot, 2014;Zamproni et al, 2021). This process is convoluted and involves various cellular pathways and the bioavailability of the regenerative medicine without extreme invasion is highly required as well as difficult to achieve.…”

Section: Existing Challenges In Neurogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a pressing need for an intervention and introduction of alternate ways to account for more bioavailability of the drugs in the brain without extreme invasive approach in patients. Alternate strategies including bio scaffolds (Zamproni et al, 2021), bioengineering (Oliveira et al, 2018), and nanotechnology (Liaw et al, 2019) have been reported to increase the availability of therapeutics in the CNS and aid neuro repair. Current mediations lack direct stimulation of neurogenesis as they tend to target the stabilization, maturation, and alleviation of neuronal death.…”

Section: Existing Challenges In Neurogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-Neurogenesis for CNS Diseases and Disorders

Tiwari

Kaushik

2022

Front. Nanotechnol.

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Neurogenesis encompasses the formation and development of neurons in the mammalian brain, mainly occurring in hippocampus and the olfactory system. This process is rapid, accurate, and very sensitive to the external stressors including environment, diet, age, anxiety, stress, depression, diet, and hormones. The range of stressors is big and directly impacts the generation, maturation and migration, efficacy, and myelination of the neuronal cells. The field of regenerative medicine focuses on combating the direct or indirect effects of these stressors on the process of neurogenesis, and ensures increased general and neuronal communications and functioning. Understanding the deep secrets of brain signaling and devising ways to increase drug availability is tough, considering the complexity and intricate details of the neuronal networks and signaling in the CNS. It is imperative to understand this complexity and introduce potent and efficacious ways to combat diseases. This perspective offers an insight into how neurogenesis could be aided by nanotechnology and what plausible nanomaterials are available to culminate neurogenesis-related neurological disorders. The nanomaterials are promising as they are minute, robust, and effective and help in diagnostics and therapeutics such as drug delivery, maturation and neuroprotection, neurogenesis, imaging, and neurosurgery.

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“…In this context, a detailed review of the literature highlighting recent achievements and challenges encountered in the development of tissue engineering strategies for brain tissue repair and MRI will be presented. Scaffolds play a key role as a support for cells to anchor and regenerate the injured site of the brain [41]. They need to match the environments from a biochemical and biophysical aspect and stimulate the infiltration of cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging scaffold- and cellular-based strategies for brain tissue regeneration and imaging

et al. 2022

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Stimulating brain tissue regeneration is a major challenge after central nervous system (CNS) injury, such as those observed from trauma or cerebrovascular accidents. Full regeneration is difficult even when a neurogenesis-associated repair response may occur. Currently, there are no effective treatments to stimulate brain tissue regeneration. However, biomaterial scaffolds are showing promising results, where hydrogels are the materials of choice to develop these supportive scaffolds for cell carriers. Their combination with growth factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), together with other cell therapy strategies allows the prevention of further neuronal death and can potentially lead to the direct stimulation of neurogenesis and vascularisation at the injured site. Imaging of the injured site is particularly critical to study the reestablishment of neural cell functionality after brain tissue injury. This review outlines the latest key advances associated with different strategies aiming to promote the neuroregeneration, imaging, and functional recovery of brain tissue. Graphical abstract

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Neurorepair and Regeneration of the Brain: A Decade of Bioscaffolds and Engineered Microtissue

Cited by 31 publications

References 146 publications

Genipin-Crosslinked, Proteosaccharide Scaffolds for Potential Neural Tissue Engineering Applications

Genipin-Crosslinked, Proteosaccharide Scaffolds for Potential Neural Tissue Engineering Applications

Nano-Neurogenesis for CNS Diseases and Disorders

Emerging scaffold- and cellular-based strategies for brain tissue regeneration and imaging

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