Neurorescue Effect of Rosmarinic Acid on 6-Hydroxydopamine-Lesioned Nigral Dopamine Neurons in Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease

Abstract

Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound. It has been reported that RA possessed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Our previous study showed that RA could protect MES23.5 dopaminergic cells against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced neurotoxicity in vitro. The purpose of this study was to explore the neuroreparative (neurorescue) effect of RA on 6-OHDA-lesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD) in vivo. In this study, the rats were given RA orally after intrastriatal 6-OHDA lesion. Results showed that the dopamine content in the striatum decreased and the numbers of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons reduced after 6-OHDA treatment. RA treatment after 6-OHDA administration could restore these changes. Further studies demonstrated that 6-OHDA treatment increased the iron-staining positive cells, which were markedly decreased by RA treatment. Moreover, RA suppressed the increased ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 at gene level induced by 6-OHDA. This indicates that the neurorescue effects of RA against 6-ODHA-induced degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system were achieved by decreasing nigral iron levels and regulating the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax gene expression.

Antioxidant Activity of Oral Administration of Rosmarinus Officinalis Leaves Extract on Rat's Hippocampus which Exposed to 6-Hydroxydopamine

“…Reducing free-radicals from cigarette smoke by using a filter impregnated by an extract of a rosemary plant in oil was reported (Alexandrov et al 2006). Rosmarinic acid could exert its neuroprotective and anti-oxidative effects against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in dopaminergic neurons (Ren et al 2009;Wang et al 2012;Noguchi et al 2015). Our results also demonstrated that RE at dose of 50 mg/kg body weight could decrease oxidative stress by increasing the activities of SOD, CAT and GPx in hippocampus resulting in the decrease of lipid peroxidation level in lesioned region.…”

The neuroprotective potential of sinapic acid in the 6-hydroxydopamine-induced hemi-parkinsonian rat

“…Iron staining was conducted as described previously by Wang et al (Wang et al 2012). For this purpose, sections were soaked for 30 s in research grade water before staining, then incubated for 30 min in a freshly prepared solution of equal parts of 2 % HCL and 2 % potassium ferrocyanide.…”

Enhanced oral bioavailability and prophylactic effects on oxidative stress and hepatic damage of an oil solution containing a rosmarinic acid–phospholipid complex

“…Besides, RA is also potentially valuable for the improvement of diabetes mellitus and obesity by inhibiting digestive enzymes, such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase (Zhu et al, 2014). Furthermore, RA has several neuronal benefits like anti-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (Shimojo, Kosaka, Noda, Shimizu, & Shirasawa, 2010), anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) (Alkam, Nitta, Mizoguchi, Itoh, & Nabeshima, 2007), improving effect on experimental Parkinson's disease model (Wang et al, 2012b), nootropic effect, and anti-depressive benefit (Ito et al, 2008;Sasaki, Han, Shimozono, Villareal, & Isoda, 2013). However, the high water solubility of RA results in its poor permeation across intestinal epithelial cells and low oral bioavailability, which restricts its application as a functional food (Konishi, Hitomi, Yoshida, & Yoshioka, 2005;Konishi, Hitomi, & Yoshioka, 2004).…”