Neuroscience and herbal plants: A review on the most important herbal plants effective on chronic pain

Abstract

Chronic pain can be periodic, persistent, or even a combination of both. Unlike acute pain, chronic pain is not usually useful, reduces the quality of life and functional abilities and also weakens mental health, interpersonal relationships, and financial status, leading to changes in appetite, sleep disorders, psychomotor retardation, tiredness and depression. Human being has always faced various kinds of pain during life and sought to relieve his pain. Pain is a sign of a disease that acts as a warning mechanism and informs of a tissue injury. In this regard, the analgesic effects of many medicinal plants have also been studied. Therefore, in this review study, indigenous medicinal plants with anti-chronic pain effects were reported. Information to conduct this review was obtained using the keywords chronic pain, herbal drug, Iran, medicinal plants, extracts and essential oils to retrieve articles indexed in databases such as Scopus, SID, Magiran, Google Scholar and other Persian databases. The related articles were reviewed for plants serving as chronic pain killers. After reviewing the literature, it was found that Solanum melongena, Hyoscyamus niger, Phoenix dactylifera, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Artemisia sieberi, Crocus sativus, Carum copticum, Euphorbia helioscopia, Hypericum perforatum, Cucurbita maxima, Passiflora caerulea, Rosa damascena, Tanacetum parthenium, Allium jesdianum and Pistacia atlantica among indigenous medicinal plants with analgesic effect.