Neurosteroids and the Nervous System

King, Steven R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5559-2_1

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 817 publications

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“…Thus, spexin could act as a potent pain modulator in presence of high progesterone levels. Studies have shown that neurosteroids are involved in pain modulation within the nociception pathways and could attenuate various types of pain such as allodynia . These mainly include progesterone, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and pregnenolone .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effect of spexin and progesterone on pain sensitivity attenuation in ovariectomized rats

Moazen

Taherianfard

Ahmadi-Soleimani

et al. 2017

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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Spexin is a central modulator of nociception. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of intra-hippocampal CA3 (IHCA3) injection of spexin and spexin-progesterone co-administration on pain sensitivity in ovariectomized rat. Thirty-five adult female rats were divided into five groups. Sham: the animals received injection of 0.5 μL ACSF by IHCA3. Experiments 1 and 2: the animals received injection of 0.5 μL of spexin bilaterally (10 and 30 nmol/rat respectively). Experiments 3 and 4: the animals received injection of 0.5 μL of spexin bilaterally (10 and 30 nmol/rat respectively) + subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of progesterone (5 mg/kg). Ovariectomy was performed in all groups to eliminate the effects of cyclic changes in the female rats. The formalin test (formalin 2.5%) was performed following the administration of spexin and progesterone. Results showed that bilateral injection of spexin in IHCA3 at both concentrations a significant (P < .05) decrease in the pain sensitivity in the two phases of formalin test. Similarly, the bilateral injection of spexin in IHCA3 at both concentrations following the s.c. injection of progesterone significantly (P < .05) decreases pain sensitivity in two phases of the formalin test. This pain attenuation due to the co-administration of spexin and progesterone was more potent than spexin-induced analgesia. According to the present results, spexin has a modulatory effect on pain sensitivity, which becomes more pronounced by progesterone administration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effect of spexin and progesterone on pain sensitivity attenuation in ovariectomized rats

Moazen

Taherianfard

Ahmadi-Soleimani

et al. 2017

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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“…In the same way, mitochondria even manufacture small quantities of steroids, called neurosteroids, inside neurons. Neurosteroids have fast local effects on the brain whereas other steroids have slower systemic ones ( King, 2013 ). Steroids and neurosteroids affect brain and behavior in a wide range of ways.…”

Section: Air Fire and Dangerous Thingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Steroids and neurosteroids affect brain and behavior in a wide range of ways. Some neurosteroids can affect how much calcium enters the neuron, and this, in turn, has an impact on learning and memory, the risk of epileptic seizures, and mental health more generally ( King, 2013 ; Korinek et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Air Fire and Dangerous Thingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Our (Mother’s) Mitochondria and Our Mind

Krämer

Bressan

2017

Perspect Psychol Sci

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Most of the energy we get to spend is furnished by mitochondria, minuscule living structures sitting inside our cells or dispatched back and forth within them to where they are needed. Mitochondria produce energy by burning down what remains of our meal after we have digested it, but at the cost of constantly corroding themselves and us. Here we review how our mitochondria evolved from invading bacteria and have retained a small amount of independence from us; how we inherit them only from our mother; and how they are heavily implicated in learning, memory, cognition, and virtually every mental or neurological affliction. We discuss why counteracting mitochondrial corrosion with antioxidant supplements is often unwise, and why our mitochondria, and therefore we ourselves, benefit instead from exercise, meditation, sleep, sunshine, and particular eating habits. Finally, we describe how malfunctioning mitochondria force rats to become socially subordinate to others, how such disparity can be evened off by a vitamin, and why these findings are relevant to us.

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“…However, both the P4 and its neuroactive metabolites act in a non-genomic way joining ionotropic receptors in the central nervous system. These receptors are members of the superfamily regulating fast neurotransmission, promoting immediate changes, in the order of milliseconds to seconds (30) .…”

Section: Progesterone and Stress Response: Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sin embargo, tanto la P4 como sus metabolitos neuroactivos actúan de forma no genómica a partir de la unión a receptores ionotrópicos en el sistema nervioso central. Estos receptores son miembros de la superfamilia de canales iónicos que regulan la neurotransmisión rápida, promoviendo cambios inmediatos, en el orden de los milisegundos a segundos (30) .…”

Section: Progesterone and Stress Response: Mechanisms Of Actionunclassified

Progesterona y respuesta de estrés: mecanismos de acción y sus repercusiones en rumiantes domésticos. Revisión

Freitas‐de‐Melo¹,

Ungerfeld²

2016

Rev. Mex. Cienc. Pecu.

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En roedores, los tratamientos con progesterona (P4) reducen la respuesta de estrés o ansiedad a través de la acción de algunos metabolitos de la P4 (allopregnanolona y pregnanolona). Aunque existen pocos trabajos que hayan estudiado estos efectos en rumiantes, los tratamientos con P4 tienen una gran potencialidad para su aplicación práctica en sistemas productivos. El objetivo de esta revisión fue sintetizar información básica sobre la respuesta de estrés y los principales mecanismos estudiados en roedores, por los que la P4 mitiga la respuesta de estrés. Además, se presenta información primaria sobre los efectos del tratamiento con P4 en el comportamiento reactivo y la respuesta de estrés en rumiantes. Se muestran los efectos del tratamiento con P4 sobre la respuesta de estrés al destete en ovejas, y sobre algunas pruebas de temperamento en terneras. También se presenta información sobre el estrés de la esquila en ovejas gestadas, y por tanto con altas concentraciones séricas de P4. En síntesis, altas concentraciones de P4 reducen la respuesta de estrés, y pueden generar cambios en el comportamiento reactivo de los animales. Sin embargo, para que el tratamiento con P4 o sus concentraciones endógenas sean utilizados como herramienta práctica durante manejos estresantes, o como un factor a ser considerado a la hora de seleccionar animales por temperamento, es necesario realizar más estudios aplicados.

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Neurosteroids and the Nervous System

Cited by 14 publications

References 817 publications

Synergistic effect of spexin and progesterone on pain sensitivity attenuation in ovariectomized rats

Synergistic effect of spexin and progesterone on pain sensitivity attenuation in ovariectomized rats

Our (Mother’s) Mitochondria and Our Mind

Progesterona y respuesta de estrés: mecanismos de acción y sus repercusiones en rumiantes domésticos. Revisión

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