Neurostimulation and Reach-to-Grasp Function Recovery Following Acquired Brain Injury: Insight From Pre-clinical Rodent Models and Human Applications

Latchoumane, Charles; Barany, Deborah A.; Karumbaiah, Lohitash; Singh, Tarkeshwar

doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00835

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 256 publications

(316 reference statements)

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“…Although kinematic analysis to predict functional recovery after stroke has been used in human research ( 56 ), photothrombosis models in NHPs have never applied kinematic analysis to examine upper limb motor function ( 36 – 38 ). We found that the kinematic aspects of motor impairment were similar across humans and marmosets, as evaluated by kinematic indices commonly used for evaluating human stroke recovery (i.e., initial movement direction errors and the number of speed maxima).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time course of recovery of different motor functions following a reproducible cortical infarction in non-human primates

Kosugi

Saga²,

Kudo³

et al. 2023

Front. Neurol.

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A major challenge in human stroke research is interpatient variability in the extent of sensorimotor deficits and determining the time course of recovery following stroke. Although the relationship between the extent of the lesion and the degree of sensorimotor deficits is well established, the factors determining the speed of recovery remain uncertain. To test these experimentally, we created a cortical lesion over the motor cortex using a reproducible approach in four common marmosets, and characterized the time course of recovery by systematically applying several behavioral tests before and up to 8 weeks after creation of the lesion. Evaluation of in-cage behavior and reach-to-grasp movement revealed consistent motor impairments across the animals. In particular, performance in reaching and grasping movements continued to deteriorate until 4 weeks after creation of the lesion. We also found consistent time courses of recovery across animals for in-cage and grasping movements. For example, in all animals, the score for in-cage behaviors showed full recovery at 3 weeks after creation of the lesion, and the performance of grasping movement partially recovered from 4 to 8 weeks. In addition, we observed longer time courses of recovery for reaching movement, which may rely more on cortically initiated control in this species. These results suggest that different recovery speeds for each movement could be influenced by what extent the cortical control is required to properly execute each movement.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time course of recovery of different motor functions following a reproducible cortical infarction in non-human primates

Kosugi

Saga²,

Kudo³

et al. 2023

Front. Neurol.

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“…( 5) Stimulation was delayed until 3 days after stroke, and therefore this intervention may be used in patients that are stabilizing post-stroke and/or missing the time window to receive tPA or thrombectomy. It is believed that most recovery from impairment in humans resulting from enhanced plasticity occurs in the first 1-3 months after stroke (25,77). The cortical plastic responses to stroke are particularly active within days or weeks after stroke in rodents (78)(79)(80).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This test was first performed as designed by Whishaw and our laboratory (22,23) and used as described in our previous work (18,20,21,24). It is well-established that the sensorimotor circuitry controlling motor control and related reaching and grasping of skilled reaching behavior is highly conserved in mammals (25). In brief, animals were placed in a transparent Plexiglas chamber (30 × 36 × 30 cm) with a rectangular opening (1.5 × 3 cm) in one wall.…”

Section: Skilled Forelimb Reaching Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Functional Outcome After Peripheral Nerve Stimulation of the Impaired Forelimb Post-stroke

et al. 2021

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Lack of blood flow to the brain, i.e., ischemic stroke, results in loss of nerve cells and therefore loss of function in the effected brain regions. There is no effective treatment to improve lost function except restoring blood flow within the first several hours. Rehabilitation strategies are widely used with limited success. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of electrical stimulation on the impaired upper extremity to improve functional recovery after stroke. We developed a rodent model using an electrode cuff implant onto a single peripheral nerve (median nerve) of the paretic forelimb and applied daily electrical stimulation. The skilled forelimb reaching test was used to evaluate functional outcome after stroke and electrical stimulation. Anterograde axonal tracing from layer V pyramidal neurons with biotinylated dextran amine was done to evaluate the formation of new neuronal connections from the contralesional cortex to the deafferented spinal cord. Rats receiving electrical stimulation on the median nerve showed significant improvement in the skilled forelimb reaching test in comparison with stroke only and stroke with sham stimulation. Rats that received electrical stimulation also exhibited significant improvement in the latency to initiate adhesive removal from the impaired forelimb, indicating better sensory recovery. Furthermore, axonal tracing analysis showed a significant higher midline fiber crossing index in the cervical spinal cord of rats receiving electrical stimulation. Our results indicate that direct peripheral nerve stimulation leads to improved sensorimotor recovery in the stroke-impaired forelimb, and may be a useful approach to improve post-stroke deficits in human patients.

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“…Another important part of the stimulation protocol is the timing of the treatment application after injury, which depends on the selected treatment modality, the severity of the trauma and the goal of the treatment [ 135 ]. The onset of stimulation in preclinical studies varies from immediately to several weeks after trauma [ 25 ].…”

Section: State-of-the-artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical stimulation methods and protocols for the treatment of traumatic brain injury: a critical review of preclinical research

Ziesel

Nowakowska

Scheruebel

et al. 2023

J NeuroEngineering Rehabil

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Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disabilities resulting from cognitive and neurological deficits, as well as psychological disorders. Only recently, preclinical research on electrical stimulation methods as a potential treatment of TBI sequelae has gained more traction. However, the underlying mechanisms of the anticipated improvements induced by these methods are still not fully understood. It remains unclear in which stage after TBI they are best applied to optimize the therapeutic outcome, preferably with persisting effects. Studies with animal models address these questions and investigate beneficial long- and short-term changes mediated by these novel modalities. Methods In this review, we present the state-of-the-art in preclinical research on electrical stimulation methods used to treat TBI sequelae. We analyze publications on the most commonly used electrical stimulation methods, namely transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), deep brain stimulation (DBS) and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), that aim to treat disabilities caused by TBI. We discuss applied stimulation parameters, such as the amplitude, frequency, and length of stimulation, as well as stimulation time frames, specifically the onset of stimulation, how often stimulation sessions were repeated and the total length of the treatment. These parameters are then analyzed in the context of injury severity, the disability under investigation and the stimulated location, and the resulting therapeutic effects are compared. We provide a comprehensive and critical review and discuss directions for future research. Results and conclusion We find that the parameters used in studies on each of these stimulation methods vary widely, making it difficult to draw direct comparisons between stimulation protocols and therapeutic outcome. Persisting beneficial effects and adverse consequences of electrical simulation are rarely investigated, leaving many questions about their suitability for clinical applications. Nevertheless, we conclude that the stimulation methods discussed here show promising results that could be further supported by additional research in this field.

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Neurostimulation and Reach-to-Grasp Function Recovery Following Acquired Brain Injury: Insight From Pre-clinical Rodent Models and Human Applications

Cited by 13 publications

References 256 publications

Time course of recovery of different motor functions following a reproducible cortical infarction in non-human primates

Time course of recovery of different motor functions following a reproducible cortical infarction in non-human primates

Improved Functional Outcome After Peripheral Nerve Stimulation of the Impaired Forelimb Post-stroke

Electrical stimulation methods and protocols for the treatment of traumatic brain injury: a critical review of preclinical research

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