Neurotoxic effects of organophosphorus pesticides and possible association with neurodegenerative diseases in man: A review

Jokanović, Milan

doi:10.1016/j.tox.2018.09.009

Cited by 193 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…The organophosphorus group in substances represents one of most dangerous pesticides to human health. It causes four main neurotoxic disorders: the cholinergic syndrome, the intermediate syndrome, organophosphate‐induced delayed polyneuropathy and chronic organophosphate‐induced neuropsychiatric disorder …”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy and chronic organophosphate-induced neuropsychiatric disorder. 48 The rapid twitch of voluntary muscles, mutagenic effects, encephalopathy, neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases, visual disturbance and effects even affecting the respiratory system and the female and male reproductive cycle [48][49][50] represent risks of these substances to organism. On the other hand, it also presents ecological risks, with varying degree of toxicity in plants and animals.…”

Section: Organophosphorous Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Silver‐based surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy devices for detection of organophosphorus pesticides traces

Soares

2019

Biotechnology Progress

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The detection of traces of substances by surface‐sensitive techniques such as surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) explores the interaction of adsorbed molecules on plasmonic surfaces to improve the limit of detection of analytes. This article is an overview about recent development in SERS substrates applied in the detection of organophosphorus pesticides on plasmonic surfaces (arrays of metal nanoparticles). The morphology, roughness, chemical functionalization degree, and aggregation level of plasmonic centers are some of the critical parameters to be controlled in the optimization of SERS signal from specific analytes.

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Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Organophosphorous Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver‐based surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy devices for detection of organophosphorus pesticides traces

Soares

2019

Biotechnology Progress

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“…Exposure to these OPPs can take place via various sources, including direct exposure, air, water, and food. Both the acute and the chronic health effects of overexposure to OPPs are well characterized, including neurological, digestive, reproductive, and respiratory disorders . Once these OPPs have entered the human body they undergo several metabolisms, typically in the liver, intestine, and lungs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pervasive utilization of these chemicals and the potentially harmful effects towards human health have raised need among researchers to evaluate human exposure to them . OPPs, particularly dimethoate, oxydemeton‐methyl, pirimiphos‐methyl, parathion, chlorpyrifos, parathion‐methyl, and dichlorvos, are bio‐metabolized into metabolites such as diethyl phosphate (DEP), diethyl thiophosphate (DETP), dimethyl phosphate (DMP), dimethyl thiophosphate (DMTP), and dimethyl dithiophosphate (DMDTP) . The chemical structures of the metabolites of OPPs are displayed in Figure .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both the acute and the chronic health effects of overexposure to OPPs are well characterized, including neurological, digestive, reproductive, and respiratory disorders. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Once these OPPs have entered the human body they undergo several metabolisms, typically in the liver, intestine, and lungs. The pervasive utilization of these chemicals and the potentially harmful effects towards human health have raised need among researchers to evaluate human exposure to them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid and sensitive analytical procedure for biomonitoring of organophosphate pesticide metabolites in human urine samples using a vortex‐assisted salt‐induced liquid–liquid microextraction technique coupled with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Pasupuleti

Tsai

Lin

et al. 2020

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale Organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) are the most commonly used insecticides around the world in various agricultural and domestic practices, and humans are frequently exposed to these hazardous insecticides that can lead to several chronic health effects. Therefore, a fast and sensitive analytical method is required for biomonitoring the markers of OPPs in humans for exposure estimation. In this study, a fast and sensitive analytical procedure was developed for the determination of the metabolites of OPPs in human urine samples. Methods Metabolites of OPPs were extracted from 2 mL of urine sample using a novel vortex‐assisted salt‐induced liquid–liquid microextraction (VA‐SI‐LLME) technique, and the preconcentrated metabolites were analyzed by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS). Various factors affecting the efficiency of VA‐SI‐LLME were thoroughly investigated. Results The metabolites of OPPs exhibited very good linearity over the concentration range between 0.05 and 50 ng mL−1 with coefficient (r2) values ranging between 0.9986 and 0.9999. The method showed excellent sensitivity with detection limits ranging from 0.01 to 0.03 ng mL−1 and quantification limits from 0.03 to 0.05 ng mL−1. The developed method was applied to the analysis of real samples and the recoveries ranged between 85.0 and 114.1% with related standard deviations <5%. Conclusions The results showed the VA‐SI‐LLME/UHPLC/MS/MS method to be a simple, rapid, sensitive, and selective analytical procedure for the biomonitoring of the metabolites of OPPs in humans. This efficient and cost‐effective analytical method could be a potential alternative method for the biomonitoring of the metabolites of pesticides in humans.

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Biotransformation

Eaton,

Cui

2023

Patty's Toxicology

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Biotransformation—or the process by which the body changes the chemical structure of an exogenous chemical—is an essential component in the development of toxic responses to chemicals found in the workplace and general environment. There are hundreds of biotransformation enzymes that act on chemicals to change their chemical structure within the body. Many of these biotransformation enzymes (often called “drug‐metabolizing enzymes,” or DMEs) also play essential roles in the formation and elimination of important endogenous biomolecules, such as steroid hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules. However, a subset of these enzymes appears to exist primarily for the purposes of detoxifying exogenous chemicals (xenobiotics). Because most of these enzymes are not essential to life, genetic polymorphisms are common and can impart large differences in susceptibility to certain chemicals found in our workplace, diet, or general environment. This chapter discusses the large multi‐gene families of enzymes that are involved in oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, and conjugation of xenobiotics. Although the purpose of biotransformation processes is to facilitate both the detoxication and elimination of xenobiotics from the body, it often happens that short‐lived, reactive intermediates are formed in the process, and these may be more toxic than the parent molecule. Understanding the pathways of biotransformation, and how these pathways can contribute to both acute and chronic toxic effects of xenobiotics, is an important part of the field of toxicology as it pertains to workplace and environmental exposures to toxic substances.

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Neurotoxic effects of organophosphorus pesticides and possible association with neurodegenerative diseases in man: A review

Cited by 193 publications

References 93 publications

Silver‐based surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy devices for detection of organophosphorus pesticides traces

Silver‐based surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy devices for detection of organophosphorus pesticides traces

Rapid and sensitive analytical procedure for biomonitoring of organophosphate pesticide metabolites in human urine samples using a vortex‐assisted salt‐induced liquid–liquid microextraction technique coupled with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Biotransformation

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