Neurotoxic potential of ingested ZnO nanomaterials on bees

Consequences of Nanoparticle - Insecticides on Aquatic and Terrestrial Non - Target Organisms: A Review

“…Among the most important pollinators and direct contact with that of the crops leads to face many threats by nanotechnology as it is used abundantly in the pest control strategies. Therefore, there is a big need for examine the toxic effects of nanoparticles on honey bees [31]. A report has confirmed the neurotoxicity of ingested zinc oxide nanomaterials ZnO nanoparticles on honey bees.…”

Cerium(iv) oxide nanoparticles induce sublethal changes in honeybees after chronic exposure

“…It is expected that GST activity may be either increased or decreased due to production of lipid hydroperoxides. [45][46][47] Despite the fact that only about half as many genes for GSTs, carboxyl/cholinesterases, and P450 monooxygenases have been found in the honeybee genome compared to other insects, 48,49 the honeybees' GST detoxification system is altered upon intoxication. Monitoring of GST activity was previously used to assess environmental quality 21,50 and to investigate the toxic potential of NMs in honeybees after acute 51 and chronic dietary exposure.…”

“…Monitoring of GST activity was previously used to assess environmental quality 21,50 and to investigate the toxic potential of NMs in honeybees after acute 51 and chronic dietary exposure. 47,52 The aim of our study was to investigate if nCeO 2 affects the honeybees A. m. carnica after chronic 9 days' exposure. nCeO 2 was tested because of its extensive commercial use, 2,53 the possibility for honeybees to be exposed to nCeO 2 1,15-17 and the lack of data on the potential hazard for honeybees.…”

“…Furthermore, nCeO 2 is insoluble in physiological media, which means that observed biological effects could be ascribed to particulate matter and not predominantly ions, such as in the case of ZnO NMs. 47 The particular focus in this study was on the activities of AChE in SS and DS fractions in different honeybee body compartments (head, thorax, and haemolymph). Namely, we recently evidenced that the honeybee's AChE forms respond differently to chemical exposure, e.g.…”

Honey Bees and Colony Collapse Disorder: A Pluralistic Reframing

“…A range of other factors have also been suggested to contribute to CCD, including, as only a partial list, climate change (Le Conte and Navajas ), air pollution (Girling et al ; McFrederick et al ), the alteration of the bee microbiome (Cox‐Foster et al ; Mattila et al ), predation by other insects (Core et al ), electromagnetic radiation from the sun (Ferrari ), the total chemical environment of honey bees (Mullin et al ), bee colony personality and exposure to early life stress (Rittschof et al ; Wray et al ), ecosemiotic collapse (Harries‐Jones ), and nanomaterials (Milivojevic et al ). The question among some researchers then, as these explanations convey, is not what causes CCD but what may have not yet been discovered.…”