Neurotoxin Production by a Chloromonad <i>Fibrocapsa japonica</i> (Raphidophyceae)

Khan, Saleha; Arakawa, Osamu; Onoue, Yoshio

doi:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1996.tb00607.x

Cited by 54 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…We found that both thecate and athecate heterotrophic dinoflagellates in this study readily ingest prey and exhibit positive growth when feeding on monocultures of Fibrocapsa japonica, which has been reported to produce a potent neurotoxin (Khan et al 1996b). Little is known about the toxic action of F. japonica.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Little is known about the toxic action of F. japonica. The toxin has been classified as a neurotoxin similar to brevetoxin, but with a higher toxicity (Khan et al 1996b, Nannen 1998. Moreover, Oda et al (1997) demonstrated that raphidophycean flagellates (including F. japonica) may produce substantial quantities of toxic oxygen radicals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is evidence that strains of Fibrocapsa japonica grown in culture produce toxins. In their study on ichthyotoxicity and neurotoxin production of F. japonica, Khan et al (1996b) used an F. japonica culture isolated from the Dutch part of the North Sea in 1993 showing that -in principle -the European population produces toxins. In preliminary experiments, toxin was also detected in the same isolate as that used in the present experiments (de Boer et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fibrocapsa japonica Toriumi and Takano is an ichthyotoxic, neurotoxin-producing raphidophyte flagellate (Khan et al 1996b). The species, first described as Botryococcus sp., has been reported to cause blooms and heavy mortalities of caged fish in Japan (Toriumi & Takano 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dinoflagellate grazing on the raphidophyte Fibrocapsa japonica

Tillmann

Reckermann²

2002

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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Laboratory experiments were performed to determine the growth and grazing capabilities of 2 heterotrophic dinoflagellates with different feeding modes (pallium feeder: Oblea rotunda; engulfment feeder: Oxyrrhis marina) when fed the raphidophyte Fibrocapsa japonica. Both dinoflagellates readily ingested prey and exhibited positive growth when feeding on monocultures of F. japonica. Maximum growth rates at food saturation were 0.54 and 0.72 d -1 for O. rotunda and O. marina, respectively. Both dinoflagellates are thus able to grow faster than their prey, for which a maximum growth rate of 0.45 d -1 has been previously reported. In the case of O. rotunda, it was found that a rather high food concentration of 300 F. japonica cells ml -1 (corresponding to 142 µg C l -1 ) was needed to sustain half-saturated growth. This is consistent with the quantification of behavioural aspects of the feeding process. In about 55% of cases, a failure to attach the tow filament after prey encounter was recorded, and in about 83% of cases, F. japonica was able to escape from the attached tow filament, indicating that motility of F. japonica is a quite effective defence mechanism against pallium-feeding dinoflagellates. In addition, qualitative observations suggest that trichocysts of F. japonica may act mechanically as a grazer deterrent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dinoflagellate grazing on the raphidophyte Fibrocapsa japonica

Tillmann

Reckermann²

2002

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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“…Brevetoxins (BTX) production has been reported for some isolates of all raphidophyte genera (Khan et al 1996(Khan et al ,1997(Khan et al ,2001) and there is a need for rapid and accurate monitoring of water samples for areas considered at risk, both to ensure the health of cultured fish stock and to protect shellfish from potential BTX contamination. No New Zealand isolates of any raphidophytes tested to date, including the Chattonella species, have been shown unequivocally to produce BTX (Paul McNabb, Biotoxin Laboratory, Cawthron Institute, New Zealand, pers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

International accreditation of sandwich hybridisation assay format DNA probes for micro‐algae

Ayers¹,

Rhodes

Tyrrell³

et al. 2005

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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The sandwich hybridisation assay (SHA) is a DNA probe-based method for rapid identification and enumeration of toxic micro-algae which uses species specific oligonucleotide probes targeted at ribosomal RNA. It is suited to fragile micro-algal cells which commonly collapse during the fixation stage of sample collection, compromising identification by traditional microscopy. The assay has been available for research for several years, but was validated and accepted for international accreditation for commercial laboratory use in New Zealand in May 2004 (International Accreditation New Zealand: ISO 17025). During the validation of the raphidophyte assay, some discrepancies were noted between SHA cell concentration estimates and traditional light microscope cell counts. Higher SHA estimates were recorded when blooms had collapsed but rRNA was still present in sea water. Conversely, higher traditional cell counts occurred when sample delivery was delayed more than 48 h, presumably owing to degradation of rRNA in the live cultures used for the SHA. SHA cell concentration estimates of the toxic diatom bloom-former Pseudo-nitzschia australis were also compared with whole cell format DNA probe counts and traditional microscope counts; SHA counts were comparable for the three methods tested.

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